Breast cancer is one of the leading cancers in woman worldwide both in developed and developing nations as per the records from World Health Organization (WHO). American Society identified that by the end of 2012, about 2,26,000 cases were diagnosed and 40,000 resulted in death. Physician uses mammography as one method for breast cancer detection and interpretation. Mass segmentation plays an i...

An implementation of Automatic Sparsity Detection (ASD) as a new source-to-source transformation is presented. Given a code for evaluation of a function, ASD generates code to evaluate the sparsity pattern of the function’s Jacobian by operations on bit-vectors. Similar to Automatic Differentiation (AD), there are forward and reverse modes of ASD. As ASD code has significantly fewer required va...

We analyze the influence of climate change on soybean yields in a multivariate time-series framework for major producer and exporter—Argentina. Long-run relationships are found partial systems involving climatic, technological, economic factors. Automatic model selection simplifies dynamic specification permits encompassing tests different hypotheses. Soybean adjust to disequilibria that reflec...

An edge detection-based vessel tracing algorithm is presented to extract vascular tree structures present in medical images. Vasculatures are important features in biomedical image processing applications, such as in analyzing the biological process of angiogenesis. The presented algorithm first identifies points where blood vessels are likely to be then initiates traces from each identified se...

We present a method for the fast selection of a region on a 3D mesh using geometric information. This is done using a weighted arc length minimization with a conformal factor based on the mean curvature of the 3D surface. A careful analysis of the geometric estimation process enables our geometric curve shortening to use a reliable smooth estimate of curvature and its gradient. The result is a ...

Although antagonists are hypothesized to impede the evolution of mutualisms, they may simultaneously exert selection favouring the evolution of alternative mutualistic interactions. We found that increases in limber pine (Pinus flexilis) seed defences arising from selection exerted by a pre-dispersal seed predator (red squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) reduced the efficacy of limber pine's prim...

One of the major field constraints to seed production in safflower has proven tobe soil born pathogens, Phytophthora drechsleri and Pythium ultimum. In order toevaluate the efficiency of a field-laboratory selection method to improve resistanceof safflower against soil born pathogens, Ph. drechsleri and P. ultimum, a two-yearinvestigation was conducted. The results showed that selection is an e...

Understanding the causes of variation in biotic interaction strength and phenotypic selection remains one of the outstanding goals of evolutionary ecology. Here we examine the variation in strength of interactions between two seed predators, common crossbills (Loxia curvirostra) and European red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris), and mountain pine (Pinus uncinata) at and below tree limit in the Pyre...