The formation of a permeability barrier between the external environment and the host is essential for survival. To provide this barrier keratinocytes undergo a complex pathway of differentiation, which culminates in keratinocyte cornification and the formation of extracellular lipid enriched lamellar membranes in the stratum corneum. The mechanisms that coordinately regulate the parallel forma...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Re-epithelialization has an important role in skin wound healing. Astaxanthin (ASX), a carotenoid found in crustaceans including shrimp, crab, and salmon, has been widely used for skin protection. Therefore, we investigated the effects of ASX on proliferation and migration of human skin keratinocyte cells and explored the mechanism associated with that migration. MATERIA...

Abnormal skin scarring causes functional impairment, psychological stress, and high socioeconomic cost. Evidence shows that altered mechanotransduction pathways have been linked to both inflammation and fibrosis, and that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a key mediator of these processes. We investigated the importance of keratinocyte FAK at the single cell level in key fibrogenic pathways critic...

Background: SIRT3 plays a major role in protecting against mitochondrial oxidative stress. Results: Oxidative stress increases during keratinocyte differentiation, and SIRT3 can decrease differentiation by attenuating oxidative stress. Conclusion: SIRT3-induced down regulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress attenuates keratinocyte differentiation. Significance: Understanding the regulation o...

The purpose of this study was to compare, by means of in vitro cultivation technique, five marketed brands of wound covers used in the treatment of burns and other skin defects (Biobrane(®), Suprathel(®), Veloderm(®), Xe-Derma(®), and Xenoderm(®)) for their ability to stimulate the keratinocyte growth, stratification, and differentiation. In three independent experiments, human keratinocytes we...

A limited number of studies have investigated the potential of probiotics to promote wound healing in the digestive tract. The aim of the current investigation was to determine whether probiotic bacteria or their extracts could be beneficial in cutaneous wound healing. A keratinocyte monolayer scratch assay was used to assess re-epithelialization; which comprises keratinocyte proliferation and ...

We read with interest the article by Karimi Mobarakeh et al. (1) titled as “Autologous Blood Injection for Treatment of Tennis Elbow”. We would like to congratulate the authors for taking up such a study. However, we have several considerations regarding this manuscript: 1. What was the number of patients who received the local steroid injections before being in the study and also, what was the...