Phonatory control by laryngeal movement is discussed by summarizing our two previous studies regarding the role of vertical larynx movement based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) observation. The first study focuses on a fundamental frequency (F0) control mechanism involving vertical larynx movement. Mid-sagittal images were recorded during vowel productions with a descending musical scale. ...

BACKGROUND Knowledge of the influence of age on laryngeal dimensions is essential for all practitioners whose interest is the pediatric airway. Early cadaver studies documented that the larynx is conically shaped, with the apex of the cone caudally positioned at the nondistensible cricoid cartilage. These dimensions change during childhood, as the larynx assumes a more cylindrical shape. The au...

Major structures The major structures are located largely in the anterior triangles. The borders of the anterior triangles are the inferior border of the mandible, the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the midline. The borders of the posterior triangle are the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the trapezius muscle and the clavicle. The major structures that can be palpated in the midline, within the ant...

The action of the cricothyroid joint for regulating voice fundamental frequency is thought to have two components; rotation and translation. Its empirical verification, however, has faced methodological problems. This study examines the joint action by means of a phonation-synchronized high-resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technique, which employs two technical improvements; a custom...

INTRODUCTION Posterior glottic stenosis (PGS) presents a challenge to the airway surgeon. A variety of techniques, ranging from endoscopic laser arytenoidectomy and partial cordotomy to open laryngotracheoplasty with anterior and posterior costal cartilage grafting, have been described with variable results in addressing this problem in adults. Endoscopic posterior cricoid split and rib graft (...

Chondrosarcomas of the larynx are rare tumors, representing less than 0.2% of all head and neck malignancies [1]. In this report, we present an unusual case of an undiagnosed chrondrosarcoma of the larynx presenting as difficult intubation in an otherwise asymptomatic patient. Difficult intubation in an otherwise asymptomatic patient has not been reported as an initial presentation of this tumo...

OBJECTIVE Increased care of fetal and neonatal airways has led to advances in neonatal medicine. The early diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases require a detailed knowledge of fetal airway anatomy and development. The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical development of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages and their structural variability during fetal life. MATERIAL AND M...

Thyroid gland and thyroid cartilage infiltration in multiple myeloma (MM) are rare. Here, we discuss a patient who presented with hoarseness of voice and was found to have a hypodense lesion in right lobe of thyroid involving thyroid and cricoid cartilage. Fine-needle aspiration cytology with immunohistochemistry revealed extramedullary plasmacytoma of thyroid. MM was ruled out initially by ser...