Purpose To study the key determinants of chronically high inflation in Iran. Design/methodology/approach Relying on annual data from 1978 to 2019, authors employ an Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Error Correction Model (ECM) inflationary effects monetary fiscal policies as well exchange rate swings sanctions intensification. Findings The find that increase money supply, deprec...

This paper aims to investigate coal consumption and environmental sustainability in South Africa by examining the role of financial development globalization using a dataset covering period from 1980 2017. The study utilized Auto-regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) approach addition Bayer Hank combined co-integration, fully modified Ordinary least squares (FMOLS), Dynamic ordinary Squares (...

Purpose: This study investigated the impact of insurance risk management on fixed capital formation in Nigeria. The sampled all companies operating Methodology: Time series data covering period 1996 - 2019 were obtained from CBN Statistical Bulletin, Annual Report National Insurance Commission, and various Nigerian Stock Exchange Factbook issues. General business life claims represent (independ...

The aim of this research is to look at the relationship between economic growth and unemployment in Liberia from 2001 2019. To investigate association Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unit root test Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Co-integration were used. Auto Regressive Distribution Lag (ARDL) bounds used decide if variables have a long run linkage. ARDL model findings indicate that there no long-...

This paper examines the nexus between financial development and energy consumption in South Africa. To determine long run short relationship Africa, uses an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag bounds test (ARDL) Granger causality to establish type of correlation 1980 2018. ARDL testing method offers concrete long-run estimates t-statistics as it is flexible whether adopted variables are I(0) or I(1...

The role of agriculture has been significantly emphasized in improving the living standard population and economic framework any country. Agriculture an important sector Sri Lanka which contributes 7.4% to GDP, 25.5% total labor force, 20.62% foreign earnings Livelihood Avenue for 2.1 million households Lanka. contribution determinants food, forestry, fishery, livestock: GDP shows a declining t...

This paper analyses the relationship between Nitrous Oxide emissions, agricultural land use, and economic growth in Pakistan. Agriculture largely contributes to emissions. Hence, models of agriculture induced emissions are estimated addition total Estimated accommodate more flexible forms than those widely adopted testing Environmental Kuznets Curve. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) b...

Numerous research in Nigeria on the interaction effect between exchange rate and foreign reserves have been marginalized; this has therefore informed study to investigate nexus reserves, with focus Nigerian economy. External reserve was used as dependent variable, rate, inflation, non-oil export, oil real interest were independent variables. Time series data spanning 1980 2020 used. The employe...