Abstract People with visual impairment need a special form of audio-visual translation (AVT) to have access multimedia products such as series and movies. Audio description (AD) is an AVT mode that describes what happening in the images through words. It necessary accessibility tool allows blind visually impaired visualize scenes spoken material. This study examines types information covered AD...

Arginine vasotocin (AVT) and its mammalian homologue, arginine vasopressin (AVP), regulate a variety of social and reproductive behaviors, often with complex species-, sex- and context-dependent effects. Despite extensive evidence documenting seasonal variation in brain AVT/AVP, relatively few studies have investigated the environmental and/or hormonal factors mediating these seasonal changes. ...

Pupfishes in the Death Valley region have rapidly differentiated in social behaviors since their isolation in a series of desert streams, springs, and marshes less than 20,000 years ago. These habitats can show dramatic fluctuations in ecological conditions, and pupfish must cope with the changes by plastic physiological and behavioral responses. Recently, we showed differences among some Death...

Social behavior diversity is correlated with distinctively distributed patterns of a conserved brain network, which depend on the action of neuroendocrine messengers that integrate extrinsic and intrinsic cues. Arginine vasotocin (AVT) is a key integrator underlying differences in behavior across vertebrate taxa. Weakly electric fish use their electric organ discharges (EODs) as social behavior...

Arginine vasotocin (AVT) and the homologous arginine vasopressin (AVP) neuropeptides are involved in the control of aggression, spacing behaviour and mating systems in vertebrates, but the function of AVT in the regulation of social behaviour among closely-related fish species needs further clarification. We used immunocytochemical techniques to test whether AVT neurones show species, sex or se...