We previously developed a biological containment system using recombinant Salmonella Typhimurium strains that are attenuated yet capable of synthesizing protective antigens. The regulated delayed attenuation and programmed self-destructing features designed into these S. Typhimurium strains enable them to efficiently colonize host tissues and allow release of the bacterial cell contents after l...

Abstract Metastasis accounts for 90% of cancer related deaths and blocking metastatic cascade has critical clinical impact. However, the drug development treatment, including immunotherapies, is evaluated largely depending on their ability to cause tumour shrinkage ignores effect metastasis as it proven challenging target. Therefore, there an urgent need novel therapeutic strategies agents targ...

Attenuated live Salmonella enterica are useful carriers for the delivery of heterologous antigens for vaccination. Effector proteins translocated by type III secretion systems (T3SS) of Salmonella have been successfully utilized for antigen delivery. Here we investigated the use of effector proteins of the T3SS encoded by Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI2). We observed that the effector p...

objective(s):typhoid fever is a dreadful disease of a major threat to public health in developing countries. vaccination with bacterial immunodominant components such as surface proteins may prove as a potent alternative to live attenuated vaccines. invh, an important part of needle complex in type three secretion system (ttss) plays important role in efficient bacterial adherence and entry int...

Live attenuated vaccines are of great value for preventing infectious diseases. They represent a delicate compromise between sufficient colonization-mediated adaptive immunity and minimizing the risk for infection by the vaccine strain itself. Immune defects can predispose to vaccine strain infections. It has remained unclear whether vaccine safety could be improved via mutations attenuating a ...

Salmonellosis, a disease caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella strains which can be transmitted from swine to humans, is one of the leading public health problems around the world. Paratyphoid of swine is controlled by vaccinating swine with Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) live vaccine strain C500 in China. Although the vaccine has good prophylactic efficacy, the mechani...

Salmonella enterica requires a type III secretion system, designated Spi/Ssa, to survive and proliferate within macrophages. The Spi/Ssa system is encoded within the SPI-2 pathogenicity island and appears to function intracellularly. Here, we establish that the SPI-2-encoded SpiC protein is exported by the Spi/Ssa type III secretion system into the host cell cytosol where it interferes with int...