INTRODUCTION Hyperkinetic disorder or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a clinical entity consisting of a cluster of symptoms including hyperactivity, attention disorder and impulse control disorder group. In the context of ADHD etiology we may say that genetic, clinical and imaging studies point out a disruption of the brain dopamine system, which is corroborated by the clinic...

Researchers at Utrecht University, The Netherlands, and University "Roma Tre," Rome, Italy, studied the neural substrates of the previously identified social play-suppressant effects of methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine, drugs widely used for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a group of developmental disorder characterized by developmentally-inappropriate levels of over activity, inattention and impulsivity. The most common treatment of ADHD is medication with stimulants, by specific methylphenidate which has been shown to improve attention and behavior. The treatment by stimulants may be accompanied by side effects...

Excessive hyperactivity, impulsiveness and attentional difficulties characterize attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this case report is to signal the possible therapeutic effectiveness of the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Low frequency (1Hz, 1200 stim/die for five days) was applied on the impending scalp in the motor additional area of a patient s...

Methylphenidate (MPH) is a first line option in the psychopharmacologic treatment of adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, there is a considerable proportion of adult patients who do not respond to treatment with MPH or discontinue drug therapy. Since effects of genetic variants in the response to MPH treatment might explain these negative outcomes, we conducted ...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder in children. Although an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs has been proposed as contributing to this disorder, the mechanisms underlying this highly heterogeneous disease remain largely unknown. Here, we show that N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) deficiency is involved in the development of ...

3-9% of schoolchildren in the U.K. suffer Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Since the 1950s stimulants have been used. particularly methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine, with some 75% response rate. The first non-stimulant medication--atmoxetine hydrochloride, has also been used. However, side effects have included: growth retardation; appetite loss: headache: stomachache: h...

OBJECTIVE Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a fixed pattern of disregard and hyperactivity that is much more severe than what is normal in children of the same age. Multiple drugs are used for the treatment of children with ADHD; however, their side effects and efficacy are not clearly known. This study was designed to evaluate and compare the therapeutic effects of two drugs, ...

QUESTION An 18-year-old patient of mine, currently under treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with methylphenidate, just found out that she is pregnant. What are the risks for the baby when the mother uses ADHD medications during pregnancy? ANSWER Available evidence for amphetamines suggests no increased risk of malformations with use of therapeutic doses, and inadver...

Background: Drug treatment is one of the most important treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The DRD4 gene a transporter and receptor coding dopamine genes under investigation in etiology ADHD. In this study, association between rs3758653 C/T VNTR exon 3 repetition polymorphisms effects methylphenidate were investigated patients with ADHD consuming methylphenidate. Me...