By extrapolating the energies of nonrelativistic atoms and their ions with up to 3000 electrons within Kohn-Sham density functional theory, we find that the ionization potential remains finite and increases across a row of the periodic table, even as Z → ∞. The local density approximation for the exchange contribution becomes more accurate (or even exact) in this limit. Extended Thomas-Fermi th...

Interpolating number-coherent states are new states of the radiation field which interpolate between number and coherent states, to which they reduce in appropriate limits. We study some fundamental features of the interaction of these new states with a atomic system in the framework of the Jaynes-Cummings model(JCM). The dynamical evolution of atomic population inversion, field entropy, the Q-...

We evaluate the effective number of atoms in experiments where a probe laser beam with a Gaussian transverse profile passes through an atomic medium consisting in a cold atom cloud released from a magnetooptical trap. Considering the case where the initial distribution is a Gaussian function of position and of velocity, we give a quantitative description of the temporal variation of the effecti...

purpose: to recognize affective factors in delivering x-ray contrast agents (which have high atomic number) via gallium carrier to liver or lymphatic neoplasm cells.   materials and methods: since uptake of gallium by liver has been reported in numerous researches, it was bonded with a contrast media (metrizoate). x-ray imaging was done to determine geometric features of liver.   results: radio...

Introduction: Globally, the need for radiotherapy as a part of cancer management increases every year. Thus, the shielding for megavoltage radiotherapy rooms is of great importance. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 14 types of developed high-density concrete with densities ranging from 2.45 to 5.11 were simulated by using Monte Carlo method. The linear attenuation coefficient and t...