Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), a scattering tool of atomic spatial resolution and high penetration power, provides a non-destructive scattering tool in structural characterization for surfaces, interfaces, as well as bulks, and is an decent complimentary technique to the direct imaging tools such as the SEM, TEM, and AFM in nanostructure research. Capable in probing structural information...

We report on density-functional total-energy calculations of the step formation and interaction energies for vicinal TaC~001! surfaces. Our calculations show that doubleand triple-height steps are favored over singleheight steps for a given vicinal orientation, which is in agreement with recent experimental observations. We provide a description of steps in terms of atomic displacements and cha...

ABSTRACT We study the density structures of planetary nebulae implied by four diagnostics that sample different regions within nebulae: [S ii] ?6716/?6731, [O ?3726/?3729, [Cl iii] ?5518/?5538, and [Ar iv] ?4711/?4740. use a 46 objects with deep spectra allow calculation electron from these diagnostics, explore impact atomic data have on results. compare observational results those obtained pho...

From an interplay between simultaneously recorded noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy images and simulations based on density functional theory, we reveal the location of single hydrogen species in the surface and subsurface layers of rutile TiO2. Subsurface hydrogen atoms (H(sub)) are found to reside in a stable interstitial site as subsurface OH groups detecta...

We present precise measurements of atomic distributions of low electron density contrast at a buried interface using soft x-ray resonant scattering. This approach allows one to construct chemically and spatially highly resolved atomic distribution profile upto several tens of nanometer in a non-destructive and quantitative manner. We demonstrate that the method is sensitive enough to resolve co...

Two-photon Laser induced fluorescence diagnostics system for atomic oxygen has been installed at the 750kW arc heated wind tunnel in JAXA in order to obtain velocity, translational temperature, and number density of atomic oxygen simultaneously. It was observed that the center of excitation wavelength is shifted in the shock layer. The Doppler shift due to the free stream velocity has a same or...