Electrons and their interactions are intrinsic factors to affect the structure and properties of materials. Based on the "cluster-cluster-plus-glue-atom" model, an electron counting rule for complex metallic alloys (CMAs) has been revealed in this work (i. e. the CPGAMEC rule). Our results on the cluster structure and electron concentration of CMAs with apparent cluster features, indicate that ...

Universal descriptions are appealing because they simplify the description of different (but similar) physical systems, allow the determination of general properties, and have practical applications. Recently, the concept of universality has been applied to the dependence of the sputtering (ejection) yield due to energetic cluster bombardment versus the energy of the incident cluster. It was ob...

A brief introduction to the technique of Monte Carlo for simulation of statistical physics problems is presented. Ising spin model is taken as an example. The topics covered include random and pseudo random numbers, random sampling techniques, Markov chain, Metropolis algorithm, continuous phase transition, statistical errors from correlated and uncorrelated data, finite size scaling, critical ...

We develop a microscopic model for the interaction of small rare-gas clusters with soft x-ray radiation from a free electron laser. It is shown that, while the overall charging of the clusters is rather low, unexpectedly high atomic charge states can arise due to charge imbalances inside the cluster. These findings are explained by an increased absorption via inverse bremsstrahlung due to high ...

Low-energy collisions of atomic ions and cluster ions with rare gas covered metal substrates can lead to strong light emission which is element and size specific. Instead of a direct energy transfer into the electronic system of the cluster the observed emission originates from excitons trapped in the rare gas layer which carries the excitation energy. The nature of the processes involved in th...

We have developed an order-N method to calculate the total energy and atomic forces for a nonorthogonal tight-binding Hamiltonian. We have first confirmed the validity of our approach by comparing our results with the exact calculation for a small silicon cluster. The efficiency of our approach for a large system is demonstrated by determining the equilibrium configuration of a Si1000 cluster u...

Context. The metallicity spread, or the trend along evolutionary sequence of a globular cluster, is rich source information to help understand cluster physics (e.g., multiple populations) and stellar atomic diffusion). Low-resolution integral-field-unit spectroscopy in optical with MUSE spectrograph an attractive prospect if it can provide these diagnostics because allows us efficiently extract...

This review paper provides a general introduction to the interaction of intense (>10 Wcm ), femtosecond laser pulses with atomic clusters in the size range 500–10 atoms. A nanoplasma model of the laser–cluster interaction is used to elucidate the underlying physics. Measurements of ion emission from the laser–cluster interaction are presented together with numerical simulations. Emerging applic...

These are notes from introductory survey lectures given at the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics (IPM), Teheran, in 2008 and 2010. We present the definition and the fundamental properties of Fomin-Zelevinsky’s cluster algebras. Then, we introduce quiver representations and show how they can be used to construct cluster variables, which are the canonical generator...

Agreement problems, such as consensus, atomic broadcast, and group membership, are central to the implementation of faulttolerant distributed systems. Despite the diversity of algorithms that have been proposed for solving agreement problems in the past years, almost all solutions are crash detection based (CDB). We say that an algorithm is CDB if it uses some information about the status crash...