Current observations stimulate the production of fully three-dimensional explosion models, which in turn motivates three-dimensional spectrum synthesis for supernova atmospheres. We briefly discuss techniques adapted to address the latter problem, and consider some fundamentals of line formation in supernovae without recourse to spherical symmetry. Direct and detailed extensions of the techniqu...

The d iffractometer cryostat described earlier has been modified to provide a means for controlling temperature and fo r confining the vapor in equilibrium wit h volatile samples. Materials with vapor pressures as great as 1 atmosphere (atm) can be handled without loss of insulatin g vacuu m, a nd temperatures can be controlled with an accuracy of ± 0.1 OK in t he range 4 to 20 OK dec reasing t...

this study aims to consider the relationships between job fatigue, organizational citizenship behavior and organizational atmosphere. the evaluation of each variable is a kind of decision making problem which has systematic transaction between variables. so, decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (dematel) is suitable for defining the cause and effect relationships between variables. w...

Clouds seem like an every-day experience. But – do we know how clouds form on brown dwarfs and extra-solar planets? How do they look like? Can we see them? What are they composed of? Cloud formation is an old-fashioned but still outstanding problem for the Earth atmosphere, and it has turned into a challenge for the modelling of brown dwarf and exo-planetary atmospheres. Cloud formation imposes...

in this research, the high-energy planetary mill was employed to produce nanocrystalline ti-50al(γ)(at%) powders. initial powders were mechanically alloyed in 99.9999% and 90% purities of argon and also air atmosphere with alloying times up to 50h. the effect of impurity of argon atmosphere on the microstructure and the rate of phase transformation of ti-50al were investigated during mechanical...

Introduction Conclusions References

Although the planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars have masses within a single order of magnitude range, they possess atmospheres with extremely different properties (Table 1). These bodies may have initially possessed primordial atmospheres of solar composition whose dominant light gases (hydrogen and helium) were lost to space and replaced by outgassed water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen (a...

The World of learning is undergoing radical changes. Increasingly Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) support new temporal and spatial learning configurations. Traditional face-toface learning situations offer a variety of ways for people to provide informal feedback contributing to the establishment and maintenance of a community atmosphere. ICT supported distance education presen...

The thermal structure of the upper atmosphere of Mars has been theoretically investigated. The exospheric temperature, for a pure CO(2) model atmosphere, lies between 400 degrees and 700 degrees K. The origin of the Martian atmosphere is discussed in the light of these results.