We investigate the role of the ocean feedback on the climate in response to insolation forcing during the mid-Holocene (6,000 year BP) using results from seven coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation models. We examine how the dipole in late summer seasurface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Atlantic increases the length of the African monsoon, how this dipole structure is creat...

[1] Paleoclimate records from glacial Indian and Pacific oceans sediments document millennial-scale fluctuations of subsurface dissolved oxygen levels and denitrification coherent with North Atlantic temperature oscillations. Yet the mechanism of this teleconnection between the remote ocean basins remains elusive. Here we present model simulations of the oxygen and nitrogen cycles that explain ...

[1] We compare a compilation of 220 sediment core dC data from the glacial Atlantic Ocean with three‐dimensional ocean circulation simulations including a marine carbon cycle model. The carbon cycle model employs circulation fields which were derived from previous climate simulations. All sediment data have been thoroughly quality controlled, focusing on epibenthic foraminiferal species (such a...

[1] Based on coupled climate model experiments, we suggest an antiphase relationship between the two major coastal upwelling zones in the Atlantic Ocean off northwestern and southwestern Africa. We describe this as an ‘upwelling seesaw’. The state of the coastal upwelling seesaw is controlled by variations in the oceanic meridional heat transfer between South and North Atlantic. In particular, ...

[1] We use measurements of ocean surface dissolved Al, a global Biogeochemical Elemental Cycling (BEC) ocean model, and the global Dust Entrainment and Deposition (DEAD) model to constrain dust deposition to the oceans. Our Al database contains all available measurements with best coverage in the Atlantic. Vertical profiles and seasonal data exist in limited regions. Observations show that surf...

High-latitude rivers supply the Arctic Ocean with a disproportionately large share of global riverine discharge and terrigenous dissolved organic matter (DOM). We used the abundance of lignin, a macromolecule unique to vascular plants, and stable carbon isotope ratios (d13C) to trace the high molecular weight fraction of terrigenous DOM in major water masses of the Arctic Ocean. Lignin oxidatio...

Formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) represents a transfer of upper layer water to abyssal depths at a rate of 15 to 20 x 10 6 m3/s. NADW spreads throughout the Atlantic Ocean and is exported to the Indian and Pacific Oceans by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and deep western boundary currents. Naturally, there must be a compensating flow of upper layer water toward the northern Nort...

This paper compares the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in global simulations performed with the depth coordinate Parallel Ocean Program (POP) ocean model and with the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) under different surface salinity boundary conditions. When forced by the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiment (CORE) repeat Normal Year Forcing, HYCOM develops intern...

Meridional ocean freshwater transports and convergences are calculated from absolute geostrophic velocities and Ekman transports. The freshwater transports are analyzed in terms of mass-balanced contributions from the shallow, ventilated circulation of the subtropical gyres, intermediate and deep water overturns, and Indonesian Throughflow and Bering Strait components. The following are the maj...

T he tropical Atlantic Ocean is a region of significant meteorological and oceanographic interest in terms of atmospheric chemistry and mesoscale-to-synoptic dynamical and thermodynamical processes. Nonmaritime air masses from the African continent advect out over the Atlantic within easterly winds and waves, significantly impacting the meteorology and climate dynamics downstream into the Weste...