Atherosclerosis (AS) is a long-standing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Its occurrence development are related to the pathophysiology of lipids including cholesteryl ester (CE), cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), phospholipid (PL). In this review, we focus on roles possible mechanisms different lipid subcomponents in process AS, provide new ideas for prevention, diagnosis treatment ...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death globally, and the majority of CVD is caused by atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a systemic inflammatory disease that leads to myocardial infarction, stroke and lower limb ischemia. Pathological studies have given insight to development of atherosclerosis and the importance of local plaque vulnerability, leading to thrombus formati...

Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) testing is recognized as a valid method for the noninvasive assessment of atherosclerosis. In addition to its association with known cardiovascular risk factors and both prevalent and incident coronary heart disease, the rate of CIMT progression is directly related to the risk for future cardiovascular events. Subsequently, CIMT has been a valuable research...

In the last decades a large amount of evidence linked rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to atherosclerosis. In fact, RA patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular events that is not fully explained by other classic cardiovascular risk factors. RA and atherosclerosis may share several common pathomechanisms and inflammation undoubtedly plays a primary role. The proinflammatory cytokines such as t...

Cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke due to enhanced inflammatory atherosclerosis account for increased premature mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Accumulated evidence suggests that accelerated atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular comorbidities in RA are confounded not only by traditional risk factors (TRF) but also by a number of immune and inflammat...

OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify the association of carotid atherosclerosis with the traditional risk factors, disease features, cytokine profile, and calprotectin in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS 63 primary pSS patients and 63 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent carotid ultrasound, clinical and laboratory examination. The presence of carotid plaques was t...

CARDIOVASCULAR aging is a complex phenomenon associated with a gradual, yet progressive, deterioration in cardiovascular function.1-3 The etiology of this deterioration in function is poorly understood, but atherosclerosis and, in particular, coronary artery disease seem to be a factor. Cardiovascular aging and atherosclerosis appear to be universal phenomena, but their rate of development and ...

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the Western world with an increase over the last few decades. Atherosclerosis with its different manifestations in the coronary artery tree, the cerebral, as well as peripheral arteries is the basis for cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. The pathophysiological understanding of the mechan...

OBJECTIVES This study sought to test whether aortic valve calcium (AVC) is independently associated with coronary and cardiovascular events in a primary-prevention population. BACKGROUND Aortic sclerosis is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among the elderly, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain controversial. Also, it is unknown whether this as...

Today, adipokines are important cellular signaling proteins synthesized by adipose tissue and involved in a variety of processes, including inflammation, lipid glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, endothelial cell function, angiogenesis, blood pressure regulation, many others. This review examines the immunological endocrine function omentin its potential use as biomarker therapeutic target...