BACKGROUND Statistical simulations have consistently demonstrated that new dose-escalation designs such as accelerated titration design (ATD) and continual reassessment method (CRM)-type designs outperform the standard "3+3" design in phase I cancer clinical trials. METHODS We evaluated the actual efficiency of different dose escalation methods employed in first-in-human phase I clinical tria...

Aim. To asses both choroidal thickness differences among Alzheimer's type dementia (ATD) patients, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and healthy control (C) subjects and choroidal thickness relationships with cognitive performance. Methods. A total of 246 eyes of 123 people (41 ATD, 38 MCI, and 44 healthy C subjects) were included in this study. Complete ophthalmological and neurologica...

Background Antituberculosis drugs (ATD) is the most common cause of drug-induce liver injury in many countries. While the mechanism of ATD-induced hepatitis is poorly understood, oxidative stress is suggested to be involved in the development of liver injury to drug metabolites. In this regards, we explored the possible associations between glutathione related enzymes (GCLM, GCLC and GSTP1) gen...

in Temporal Difference Learning Frédérick Garcia and Florent Serre Abstract. TD( ) is an algorithm that learns the value function associated to a policy in a Markov Decision Process (MDP). We propose in this paper an asymptotic approximation of online TD( ) with accumulating eligibility trace, called ATD( ). We then use the Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) method to analyse ATD( ) and to op...

Peripheral serotonin (5-hydrodytryptamine; 5-HT) is involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility and sensation, whereas centrally it plays a role in mood regulation. A dysfunctional serotonergic system may provide a plausible link between functional dyspepsia symptoms and its high psychosocial comorbidity such as anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effec...

Between 1988 and 1994, data from 3 large sites revealed a 3-5 fold increase in the prevalence of antidepressant (ATD) treatment for U.S. youths aged 2-19 years. In 1994, the ATD prevalence for youths of this age ranged from 13 per 1000 (in the HMO) to 18 per 1000 (in 2 state Medicaid systems). Males predominated in the 10-14-year-olds treated with ATDs, whereas females predominated among 15-19-...

BACKGROUND Several screening studies have indicated an increased prevalence of celiac disease (CD) among individuals with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD), but estimates have varied substantially. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of CD in patients with ATD. METHOD A systematic review was conducted of articles published in PubMed Medline or EMBASE until September...

Cognitive flexibility is the ability to adjust behavior to changes in the environment or task conditions. Previous research suggested that serotonin (5-HT) is involved in cognitive flexibility. Disturbed 5-HT functioning in animals, psychiatric patients and healthy volunteers leads to more rigid behavior. A well recognized method to manipulate levels of brain 5-HT is acute tryptophan depletion ...

Following the FDA black box warning in 2004, substantial reductions in antidepressant (ATD) use were observed within 2 years in children and adolescents in several countries. However, whether these reductions were sustained is not known. The objective of this study was to assess more recent trends in ATD use in youth (0-19 years) for the calendar years 2005/6-2012 using data extracted from regi...