Background: This guideline focuses on antithrombotic drug therapies for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease as well as for the relief of lower-extremity symptoms and critical ischemia in persons with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods: The methods of this guideline follow those described in Methodology for the Development of Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention o...

To investigate the potential contribution of cardiopulmonary reflexes in myocardial ischemia, the coronary vascular response to cardiopulmonary baroreceptor unloading and the number and the duration of spontaneous episodes of symptomatic and asymptomatic myocardial ischemia were evaluated in 23 patients with coronary heart disease. Lower-body negative pressure at -10 mm Hg, which causes selecti...

OBJECTIVE The mechanisms by which migraine is linked to ischemic vascular disease remain uncertain and are likely to be complex. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) and a history of documented primary headache in a large population of patients with exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. METHODS The study involved 1,427 consecutive p...

Writing Group II addressed the question of whether tests that assess silent ischemia or inducible ischemia add to prognostic information gained from standard risk factors in asymptomatic patients without known coronary disease. The tests reviewed included the exercise electrocardiogram (ECG), exercise and pharmacological (stress) echocardiogram (echo), exercise and pharmacological myocardial pe...

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes disease 2019 caused a worldwide pandemic and became massive problem in our healthcare system. This infection has broad clinical presentation from asymptomatic to symptoms, unfortunately death. Hypercoagulability associated with this can cause significant morbidity, increased risk of microthrombosis, vascular hyperpermeab...

OBJECTIVES We sought to prospectively evaluate evidence of myocardial ischemia after surgical repair of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery with an interarterial course (AAOCA). BACKGROUND An AAOCA is a rare anomaly associated with increased myocardial ischemia and sudden death risk in children. Data evaluating ischemia after AAOCA repair are limited. METHODS We included children w...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The frequency of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (CAS) increases with age from 0.5% in individuals below 50 years of age to 5% to 10% in individuals over 65 years of age in the general population. Its prognostic value has been examined in the general population but less often in patients with clinical manifestations of arterial disease other than retinal or cerebral ...

Background and Purpose—The frequency of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (CAS) increases with age from 0.5% in individuals below 50 years of age to 5% to 10% in individuals over 65 years of age in the general population. Its prognostic value has been examined in the general population but less often in patients with clinical manifestations of arterial disease other than retinal or cerebral ...

T herapeutic decisions in patients with coronary artery disease are frequently based on the severity of chest pain despite the lack of correlation between severity of symptoms and prognosis. There are many circumstances in which objective evidence for myocardial ischemia is present but symptoms are absent. Episodes of so-called “silent myocardial ischemia” are very frequent in some patients wit...