The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the establishment of several restrictions Japan that caused an external shock to food supply chain. This study investigates onion price changes resulting from Tokyo wholesale/retail market by using anomaly analysis, asymmetric transmission, and event study. It was found wholesale experienced a significant fall between April 2020 May recovered after state emerge...

In liberalized telecommunications markets, the incumbent typically enjoys several advantages over any entrant. Regulation in such asymmetric markets is successful if retail prices are low and the entrant’s pro...ts are high so that entry is encouraged. I show that asymmetric access price regulation with a cost-based access price for the incumbent and an access markup for the entrant is more suc...

In this paper, the Bertrand's price competition in the retail duopoly with asymmetric costs is analyzed. Retailers sell substitute products in the framework of the classical economic order quantity (EOQ) model with linear demand function. The market potential and competitor price are considered to be the bifurcation parameters of retailers. Levels of the barriers to market penetration depending...

In this paper, the optical properties of one dimensional fractal structures are investigated. We consider six typical fractal photonic structures: the symmetric dual cantor-like fractal structure, the asymmetric dual cantor-like fractal structure, the single cantor-like fractal structure, the symmetric dual golden-section fractal structure, the asymmetric dual golden-section fractal structure a...

the price fluctuations of chicken and its production inputs are one of the main challenges in broiler industry which affects the producer and consumer‘s welfare. this study investigates the price fluctuations of broiler and the price fluctuations of the two important inputs of broiler production -e.g. one day-old chick and soybean meal- in tehran province. to achieve the purpose, the non-linear...

  In this paper asymmetric price transmission mechanism and nonlinear adjustment between producer and retail prices of milk were examined in Zanjan Province of Iran. For this purpose, a Two-Regime Threshold Vector Error Correction Model (TVECM) and a Sup-LM Test developed by Hansen and Seo (2002) were employed for checking presence of a threshold effect. Application of unit root tests indicated...