We propose a series of methods to represent the evolution of a field of science at different levels: namely micro, meso and macro levels. We use a previously introduced asymmetric measure of paradigmatic proximity between terms that enable us to extract structure from a large publications database. We apply our set of methods on a case study from the Complex Systems Community through the mappin...

Lagrangians for gauge fields and matter fields can be constructed from the infinite dimensional Kac-Moody algebra and group. A continuum regularization is used to obtain such generic lagrangians, which contain new nonlinear and asymmetric interactions not present in gauge theories based on compact Lie groups. This technique is applied to deriving the Yang-Mills and Chern-Simons lagrangians for ...

We discuss various aspects of internal magnetic background fields in open string theories. Phenomenologically and conceptually interesting properties of such string theory backgrounds, supersymmetry and gauge symmetry breaking, chiral fermion spectra and noncommutativity of the internal compactification manifolds, are treated in a rather generic framework. We then specialize to type I compactif...

Barchan dunes — crescent-shaped dunes that form in areas of unidirectional winds and low sand availability — commonly display an asymmetric shape, with one limb extended downwind. Several factors have been identified as potential causes for barchan dune asymmetry on Earth and Mars: asymmetric bimodal wind regime, topography, influx asymmetry and dune collision. However, the dynamics and potenti...

Recently, the theory of quantum error control codes has been extended to subsystem codes over symmetric and asymmetric quantum channels – qubit-flip and phase-shift errors may have equal or different probabilities. Previous work in constructing quantum error control codes has focused on code constructions for symmetric quantum channels. In this paper, we develop a theory and establish the conne...

Barchan dunes — crescent-shaped dunes that form in areas of unidirectional winds and low sand availability — commonly display an asymmetric shape, with one limb extended downwind. Several factors have been identified as potential causes for barchan dune asymmetry on Earth and Mars: asymmetric bimodal wind regime, topography, influx asymmetry and dune collision. However, the dynamics and potenti...

The Fano effect, which occurs through the quantum-mechanical cooperation between resonance and interference, can be observed in electron transport through a hybrid system of a quantum dot and an AharonovBohm ring. While a clear correlation appears between the height of the Coulomb peak and the real asymmetric parameter q for the corresponding Fano line shape, we need to introduce a complex q to...

The surfaces of minerals could serve important catalytic roles in the prebiotic syntheses of organic molecules, such as amino acids. Thus, the surface chirality is responsible for the asymmetric syntheses of biomolecules. Here, we show induction of the surface chirality of copper metal film by electrodeposition via electrochemical cell rotation in magnetic fields. Such copper film electrodes ex...