Globalization has engendered increased complexity in the modern society. This complexity penetrates almost every aspect of our life. In the context of food systems, globalized food supply chains have created greater challenges for assuring food safety, with myriad actors, who are economically, socially and culturally diverse, involved in the production and distribution processes. To manage such...

BACKGROUND Patients, families and communities expect safe, competent and compassionate nursing care that has always been a core value of nursing. To meet these expectations, a valid and reliable quality assurance (QA) system is crucial to ensure that nurse-graduates are competent, confident and fit to practice. The QA approach is seen to be fundamental for quality improvement, it would be appro...

Defects in early software development products, e.g., design specifications, can have a major impact on product quality. Analytical quality assurance methods, like Software Inspections and Testing are common practices for detecting non-conformities in software products. Often, these quality assurance (QA) activities are not seen as integral part of software construction process but rather as ti...

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There is growing interest in using a structure of claims, arguments, and evidence to explain why all critical software hazards have been eliminated or adequately mitigated in mission-critical and safety-critical systems. Such a structure has been called a dependability case, an assurance case, or a (goal-structured) safety case. Dependability cases are sometimes viewed as adding no extra value,...

Partner key management (PKM) is an interoperable credential management protocol for online commercial transactions of high value. PKM reinterprets traditional public key infrastructure (PKI) for use in high-value commercial transactions, which require additional controls on the use of credentials for authentication and authorization. The need for additional controls is met by the use of partner...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of a proficiency testing program among limited number of local laboratories as an alternative to the IUPAC/CITAC guide on proficiency testing with a limited number of participants, specially where international schemes are not accessible. As a sample scheme we planned to determine aflatoxins (B1, G1, B2, G2, total) in Iranian pistachio matrix. A...

We give some background on the Software Assurance Metrics And Tool Evaluation (SAMATE) project and our decision to work on static source code security analyzers. We give our experience bringing government, vendors, and users together to develop a specification and tests to evaluate such analyzers. We also present preliminary results of our study on whether such tools reduce vulnerabilities in p...

Certain characteristics of software being developed and of the development environment influence how software assurance should be managed. The scope and size of the system are obvious attributes to consider. A large system is built by first decomposing it into pieces that are more easily managed. Project management decisions often influence how that decomposition is done.

An assurance case based regime requires a strong review element. Typically, one party is responsible for preparing the assurance case. Another party (the certification authority) is responsible for accepting the assurance case. Assurance cases are, by their nature, often subjective. The objective of assurance case development, therefore, is to obtain mutual acceptance of this subjective positio...