Long-term memory (LTM) formation usually requires repeated, spaced learning events and is achieved by the synthesis of specific proteins. Other memory forms require a single learning experience and are independent of protein synthesis. We investigated in two closely related parasitic wasp species, Cotesia glomerata and Cotesia rubecula, whether natural differences in foraging behaviour are corr...

Macroalgae are considered as primary producers in ecosystem food chain. This study investigated spatial and temporal variation of three species of macroalgae namely, Laurencia caspica (red macroalga) Enteromorpha intestinalis and Cladophora glomerata (green macroalgae) on the hard substrates of the southern Caspian Sea coasts and their relation with environmental factors. Seasonal sampling pref...

cladophora and enteromorpha are the filamentous green-algal genuses that have a widespread distribution in caspian sea coast. the aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activities of cladophora and enteromorpha in south of caspian sea. antibacterial activities of hydroalcoholic extracts of five different gram negative and positive bacteria including staphylococcus aureus, bacillus su...

A survey was conducted from May to Oct of 2011 of the parasitoid community of the imported cabbageworm, Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), in cole crops in part of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. The findings of our survey indicate that Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) now occurs as far west as North Dakota and has become the dominant parasitoid of P. rapae in th...

The wellbeing of marine organisms is connected to their microbiome. Oysters are a vital food source and provide ecological services, yet little known about how climate change such as ocean acidification warming will affect We exposed the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, orthogonal combinations temperature (24, 28 °C) pCO2 (400 1000 ?atm) for eight weeks used amplicon sequencing 16S rRN...

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the biostimulant Kelpak on true protein and simple sugar contents of Dactylis glomerata and Festulolium braunii at different nitrogen rates. A field experiment was set up as a randomised sub-block design (split-split-plot) with three replicates. The following factors were ha, pure-sown grass species and cultivars (monoculture). Protein co...

The presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils can upset the natural balance and increase risk PTE incorporation into food chain. use composite biochar with municipal sewage sludge compost (MSSC/C) be an effective way both managing waste, such as sludge, providing additive-supporting phytostabilization processes. effectiveness D. glomerata MSSC/C technique assisted industrially cont...

Isothiocyanates and substituted pyrazoles were combined to form a series of novel isothiocyanates with highly effective herbicidal activity. The target compounds were analyzed by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR, EI-MS and IR spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds, particularly compounds 3-1 and 3-7, exhibited good herbicidal activities against four weeds. The EC(50) values of compound 3-1 against E...