In 442 of Philosophical Investigations, Wittgenstein criticises the application Russell's theory descriptions to sentence in title without mentioning Russell or his theory. is making a general point wider interest. I have two aims. The first situate Wittgenstein's critique within larger theoretical setting and Frege's indirect reference light familiar problem quantifying into attitude contexts....

We introduce the notion of a database system that is information theoretically secure in between accesses—a database system with the properties that 1) users can efficiently access their data, and 2) while a user is not accessing their data, the user’s information is information theoretically secure to malicious agents, provided that certain requirements on the maintenance of the database are r...

It is important that residency programs identify trainees who progress appropriately, as well as identify residents who fail to achieve educational milestones as expected so they may be remediated. The process of remediation varies greatly across training programs, due in part to the lack of standardized definitions for good standing, remediation, probation, and termination. The purpose of this...

Objectives The aim was to identify theoretically expected as well as actually reported benefits from drug development and the importance of individual patient benefits compared to the collective benefits to society in general. Background Ethical guidelines require that clinical research involving humans offer the potential for benefit. A number of characteristics can be applied to define rese...

We present Information Theoretically secure Byzantine Paxos (IT ByzPaxos), the first deterministic asynchronous Byzantine consensus protocol that is provably secure despite a computationally unbounded adversary. Previous deterministic asynchronous algorithms for Byzantine consensus rely on unproven number theoretic assumptions (i.e., digital signatures) to maintain agreement. IT ByzPaxos instea...

A series of 1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-3-(substituted)-2-propen-1-one and its 1-methyl analogues 2c-h were synthesized and cyclized with different reagents such as ethyl cyanoacetate, thiourea, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, guanidinium sulfate, methylhydrazine, phenylhydrazine and/or hydrogen peroxide in different reactions to produce pyridones 3a,b, pyrimidinethione 4a,b, isoxazole 5a,b, aminopyr...

This paper presents a pilot study. It was set to investigate a small sample of subjects in a junior high school on whether the increased use of computers, both in domestic and school environments, has affected the students’ development of literacy in reading comprehension and vocabulary skills. This stemmed from personal observation as a classroom teacher in the computer studies area. Progressi...