For many domains of basic and applied science, a key set of scientific facts is well established and there is a need for public action in light of those facts. However, individual citizens do not consistently follow science-based recommendations, even when they accept the veracity of the advice. To address this challenge, science communicators need to develop a guideline that individuals can co...

For some years now, the concept of basic research has been under attack. Yet although the significance of the concept is in doubt, basic research continues to be used as an analytical category in science studies. But what exactly is basic research? What is the difference between basic and applied research? This article seeks to answer these questions by applying historical semantics. I argue th...

Research methods and methodologies are extremely important when conducting research and degree projects. The use and application of the methods and methodologies are considered to be “necessarily vicious” and, unfortunately, often applied after the research has been conducted. The need for applying methods before the actually research and the reasons for doing so are often stressed in the liter...

In the Prologue I recall, among others, the period of the Cold War in which, thanks to Polish colleagues, scientific contacts between East and West were maintained . After that, several aspects of the flow of mixtures of air and water will be discussed and illustrated by examples. Finally I will give some comments on the differences and similarities between fundamental and applied science and s...

The science of learning has made a considerable contribution to our understanding of effective teaching and learning strategies. However, few instructors outside of the field are privy to this research. In this tutorial review, we focus on six specific cognitive strategies that have received robust support from decades of research: spaced practice, interleaving, retrieval practice, elaboration,...