Melatonin receptor gene expression as well as melatonin synthesis and secretion activities were examined in the pineal gland of the grass puffer, which exhibits unique lunar/tidal cycle-synchronized mass spawing: spawning occurs before high tide on the day of spring tide during spawing season. Melatonin synthesizing activity was assessed by the abundance of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 ...

The arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is a key enzyme in the rhythmic production of melatonin. Two Aanats are expressed in Teleost fish (Aanat1 in the retina and Aanat2 in the pineal organ) but only Aanat1 is found in tetrapods. This study reports the cloning of Aanat1 from R. perezi. Transcripts were mainly expressed in the retina, diencephalon, intestine and testis. In the retina and...

Aromatic amines (AAs) are chemicals of industrial, pharmacological and environmental relevance. Certain AAs, such as 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), are human carcinogens that require enzymatic metabolic activation to reactive chemicals to form genotoxic DNA adducts. Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NAT) are xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XME) that play a major role in this carcinogenic bioactivation...

This document describes the behavior of signaling intermediaries in Real-Time Communication (RTC) deployments, sometimes referred to as Session Border Controllers (SBCs), when performing Hosted NAT Traversal (HNT). HNT is a set of mechanisms, such as media relaying and latching, that such intermediaries use to enable other RTC devices behind NATs to communicate with each other. This document is...

This paper describes the role 14-3-3 proteins play in vertebrate photoneuroendocrine transduction. 14-3-3 proteins form a complex with arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), the enzyme which turns melatonin production on during the day and off at night. Complex formation is triggered at night by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of the enzyme, and results in activation and protection against ...

The spectral properties of the retinal mechanism mediating the inhibitory effects of nocturnal light on pineal gland N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity were determined. Pineal gland NAT activity declined linearly in albino rats exposed to different irradiances of a 460 or 580 nm monochromatic light during the middle of the dark phase of the cycle. The difference in sensitivity to the test light...

The in vivo acetylator phenotype as well as N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and O-acetyltransferase (OAT) activities in cytosols from cultured uroepithelia were determined in 25 urological patients. In vivo acetylator phenotypes were categorized by determining the amounts of 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil (AFMU) and 1-methylxanthine in urine after the administration of a 200 mg dose of ca...

Background and Objective: Dysregulation of long-term expression of non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has a potential role in progressive brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to analyze the apoptosis and expression of 51A and NAT-Rad18 lncRNAs and their target genes in brain tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the rat model of AD, before and after memantine ...