The nitro group in aromatic nitro compounds containing reducible substituents such as methyl, carboxylic acids and phenols, and halogens are selectively and rapidly reduced at room temperature to the corresponding amines in good yield by employing hydrazine glyoxylate in the presence of zinc powder or magnesium powder. It has been observed that hydrazine glyoxylate is more effective than hydraz...

The SIMPOL.1 group contribution method is developed for predicting the liquid vapor pressure po L (atm) and enthalpy of vaporization 1Hvap (kJ mol−1) of organic compounds as functions of temperature (T ). For each compound i, the method assumes log10 p o L,i(T )= ∑ k νk,i bk(T ) where νk,i is the number of groups of type k, and bk(T ) is the contribution to log10 p o L,i(T ) by each group of ty...

Nitroaromatic compounds are released into the biosphere almost exclusively from anthropogenic sources. Some compounds are produced by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels; others are used as synthetic intermediates, dyes, pesticides, and explosives. Recent research revealed a number of microbial systems capable of transforming or biodegrading nitroaromatic compounds. Anaerobic bacteria can red...

The metabolism of nitro compounds in plants has not been extensively investigated. Only two such compounds appear to have been reported as occurring naturally in plants. Chloromycetin contains an aromatic nitro group, and occurs in the culture medium of Streptomyces. Certain bacteria (1) and, more recently, a bacterial cell-free enzyme (2) have been shown to bring about the reduction of the nit...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are ubiquitous persistent organic pollutants forming as byproducts in combustion processes. These compounds can become nitrated the environment even more toxic nitro derivatives. Both PAHs and nitro-PAHs accumulate soils which lead to pollution of vast areas arable land. The best means their elimination from is bioremediation that degradation by soil micro...