The paper aims to illustrate, especially through the results of recent archaeological studies, articulation and forms centres public power between Gothic Carolingian periods, in dialectic city as a seat institutions their protagonists, countryside, which contains production controls resources. We will consider Italian territory, with focus on Tuscany, propose some comparisons rest Europe. An ar...

we all, that it could be that steering through nearly 600 pages of text is worth while.1 Historically feudalism and a landowning aristocracy throughout Europe proved unable to cope with the rise of the expanding and commercial system of towns and cities. 2-3 In the great wide world there arose two mutually antagonistic systems: entrepreneurial capitalism and organised labour. Perkin further sug...

In 438, at the initiative of Emperor Theodosius II, one most significant legislative collections late Roman Empire, Codex Theodosianus (Eng. Theodosian Code), was published, which is a valuable source on social history state in Late Antiquity. Based data and Novellae Emperors, author article reconstructs important components status senators fourth century BC. It revealed that view emperor compi...

Unlike Egypt, Iraq accommodated not one but two provincial identities, the Assyrian and the Babylonian. Both cultures had of course suffered violent destruction on their fall a thousand years before the Arab conquests as Nabopolassar and the Medes turned Assyria into ' heaps and ruins' in 612 B.C. so Xerxes razed the walls of Babylon, expropriated its citizens and turned its god into bullion af...

This paper looks at the historical evolution of the relationship between an economy's structure and the corresponding political system, starting from feudal times. We show why, in an early agricultural phase, aristocratic political systems prevail, while democracies tend to emerge with the industrial phase, while at the same time the legal system regulating the intergenerational transfers of pr...