A s any CIA operative will tell you, the best defense is to know your enemy. Ari Helenius, veteran vi-rologist, has spent the majority of his career learning the sneaky infi ltration tactics of human and animal foes such as infl uen-za, vaccinia, and herpes simplex virus. And their tactics are many and varied. Helenius learned that Semliki Forest virus, for example, enters cells via endosomes a...

It remains unclear whether breast-feeding protects infants against acute respiratory infection (ARI). To determine if breast-feeding protects against ARI as it does against diarrhea, 170 healthy newborns were followed for 6 mo. Feeding mode, incidence and duration of ARI and diarrhea were recorded biweekly. Infants were classified as fully or partially breast-fed, or formula-fed. Incidence and ...

OBJECTIVES This study was aimed at evaluating global characteristics of electrical restitution in the human ventricle using noncontact mapping. BACKGROUND Steep action potential restitution (slope >1) and conduction velocity (CV) restitution have been linked with propensity to ventricular fibrillation, but clinical measurement of global electrical restitution had not been feasible. METHODS ...

Introduction: The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is not likely to be explained by a currently measureable presence in all cases and absence in controls, as otherwise it would have been solved already. Indeed, any proposed physiological model for SIDS causation must explain the constant mathematical and statistical properties of SIDS age and gender. We have shown previously that SIDS are ch...

Background: Both influenza A virus (IAV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cause acute respiratory infection (ARI) in infants and young children. This study was conducted to determine Influenza A virus and its co infection with RSV among the hospitalized children with ARI. Methods: A total of 153 throat samples of the hospitalized young children aged between below one year and 5 years with...

Dopamine D2/D3 receptor partial agonists have been suggested as medications for cocaine dependence. The present experiments examined the effect of acute and repeated administration of drugs with varying intrinsic efficacy at D2/D3 receptors on the relative reinforcing strength of cocaine. Use of socially housed cynomolgus monkeys permitted the assessment of whether social status, known to alter...

Introduction Effective responses to epidemics of infectious diseases hinge not only on early outbreak detection, but also on an assessment of disease severity. In recent work, we combined previously developed ARI case-detection algorithms (CDA) [1] with text analyses of chest imaging reports to identify ARI patients whose providers thought had pneumonia. In this work, we asked if a surveillance...

INTRODUCTION The disease burden and risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (MPV) infections among children living in remote, rural areas remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective, household-based cohort study of children aged <3 years living in remote rural highland communities in San Marcos, Cajamarca, Peru. Acute respiratory illne...

Alcoholism is a chronic and recurrent disease. The studies on ethyl alcohol show a progressive deterioration of cognitive functions (motor hyperactivity, operating memory). The aim of the study was to establish whether combined single and chronic administration of aripiprazole (ARI) and fluoxetine (FLU) affects animal locomotor activity or modifies spatial memory functions in female rats expose...