for decades, the approach of legal systems towards private arbitration in competition law has been characterized by a certain mistrust or suspicion. initially, this attitude may somehow have been linked to the uncertainty as to the arbitrability of competition law issues, in view of the fact that, in competition law matters generally, public interests are heavily at stake. in fact arbitration i...

We have built a hybrid voice/text web–board that utilizes floor control for handling resources such as microphone and interface events. The aim of this research is to determine the most appropriate floor control mechanism for a hybrid communication tool that allows conventional text and audio users to communicate with one another using a common interface. Research on floor control mechanisms pr...

Arbitration has been recognized as one of the most popular ADRs in commercial disputes. Theoretically, arbitration is based on a valid arbitration agreement and only parties to are forced obey the award. However, legal practice, it not uncommon for arbitral awards to be enforced against non-signatories. This paper introduces some major legal basis this situation, including traditional prin...

For the authentication codes with arbitration, Johansson showed lower bounds on the size of keys, but those bounds are no tighter if the size of source states is large. In the present paper , we first present some new lower bounds on the sizes of keys. Next, we discuss the case for large sizes of source states, and then we show that those bounds are tighter. Key-Words: Authentication, codes, ar...

Becton Dickinson Phoenix Yeast ID Panel was compared to the Remel RapID Yeast Plus System using 150 recent clinical yeast isolates and the API 20C AUX system to resolve discrepant results. The concordance rate between the Yeast ID Panel and the RapID Yeast Plus System (without arbitration) was 93.3% with 97.3% (146/150) and 95.3% (143/150) of the isolates correctly identified by the Becton Dick...