We have studied the expression of antioxidant genes in response to near ambient conditions of O3, SO2, and ultraviolet B (UV-B) in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia L. The genes analyzed encode four different superoxide dismutases (SODs), three catalases (Cat1, Cat2, and Cat3), the cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (cyt APx), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The experimental setup for each treatment was ...

To evaluate the physiological importance of chloroplastic ascorbate peroxidase (CHLAPX) in the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system of a euhalophyte, we cloned the CHLAPX of Suaeda salsa (SsCHLAPX) encoding stromal APX (sAPX) and thylakoid-bound APX. The stromal APX of S. salsa (Ss.sAPX) cDNA consists of 1726 nucleotides including an 1137-bp open reading frame (ORF) and encodes 378 a...

We consider an APX-hard variant (∆-Max-ATSP) and an APX-hard relaxation (Max-3-DCC) of the classical traveling salesman problem. We present a 31 40 -approximation algorithm for ∆-Max-ATSP and a 34 -approximation algorithm for Max-3-DCC with polynomial running time. The results are obtained via a new way of applying techniques for computing undirected cycle covers to directed problems.

Peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase (APX) sorts indirectly via a subdomain of the ER (peroxisomal ER) to the boundary membrane of peroxisomes in tobacco Bright Yellow 2 cells. This novel subdomain characteristically appears as fluorescent reticular/circular compartments distributed variously in the cytoplasm. Further characterizations are presented herein. A peptide possessing the membrane targeti...

The response of the antioxidant defense system of an intertidal macroalgae Corallina officinalis L. to different dosages of UV-B irradiation was investigated. Results showed that superoxide dimutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POX) increased and then maintained at a relatively stable level when subjected to UV-B irradiation. Catalase (CAT) activity under medium dosage of UV-B irradiation (Muv) and hi...

The active oxygen species (AOS) that arise from normal metabolic processes are kept under tight control by various antioxidant mechanisms. AOS are important signal molecules that regulate many physiological processes, including environmental stress responses. In this work, we have investigated the effect of lowered cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in transgenic tobacco BY-2 cells, ...

It is known that the maximum independent set problem is NP-complete for subcubic graphs, i.e. graphs of vertex degree at most 3. Moreover, the problem is NP-complete for 3-regular Hamiltonian graphs and for H-free subcubic graphs whenever H contains a connected component which is not a tree with at most 3 leaves. We show that if every connected component of H is a tree with at most 3 leaves and...

We investigate the complexity of an optimization problem in Boolean propositional logic related to information theory: Given a conjunctive formula over a set of relations, find a satisfying assignment with minimal Hamming distance to a given assignment that satisfies the formula (NearestOtherSolution, NOSol). We present a complete classification with respect to the relations admitted in the for...

A randomized complete block design was used to characterize the relationship between production of total phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carbohydrate content, leaf gas exchange, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), soluble protein, invertase and antioxidant enzyme activities (ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Labisia pumila Benth var. alata under f...

The problem of publishing personal data without giving up privacy is increasingly important. An interesting formalization is the k-anonymization, where all rows in a table are clustered in sets of at least k records, and all the entries for which records in the same cluster have different values are suppressed. The problem has been shown to be NP-hard when the records values are over a ternary ...