INTRODUCTION Initial abbreviated surgery with planned reoperation (damage control surgery) is frequently used for major trauma patients to rapidly control haemorrhage while limiting surgical stress. Although damage control surgery may decrease mortality risk among the severely injured, it may also be associated with several complications when inappropriately applied. We seek to scope the litera...

1451 Polysomnography and Related Procedures in Children—Kotagal et al 1.0 INTRODUCTION In the last three decades, the knowledge and practice of pediatric sleep medicine has grown dramatically, as reflected in the exponential growth of peer reviewed publications regarding pediatric polysomnography (PSG). Comprehensive, attended, in-laboratory (level I) PSG is most often conducted to evaluate and...

Approval of a drug for clinical use requires production of data on efficacy and safety through submission of results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), in which the new molecule is usually compared with placebo (or an active comparator) for a set of outcomes that will serve as the basis for the drug's indications. These indications are crucial, because drugs are approved on the basis of ...

Some crowdsourcing platforms ask workers to express their opinions by approving a set of k good alternatives. It seems that the only reasonable way to aggregate these k-approval votes is the approval voting rule, which simply counts the number of times each alternative was approved. We challenge this assertion by proposing a probabilistic framework of noisy voting, and asking whether approval v...

Blanket bans on all growth-promoting or prophylactic drug approvals are controversial and arguably unwarranted and counterproductive. Nevertheless, legislation, consumer preference, and trade opportunities have encouraged some producers to grow broilers with reduced reliance on antibiotics, including completely drug-free production. Drug-free production programs may have varied consequences on ...

nosis or treatment of delineated symptoms, conditions, and diseases for which a drug is indicated. Although marketing ma terials are not permitted to promote additional uses, physicians are free to prescribe any approved drug for any pur pose, even a use that the FDA has not approved. With a sizable share of the po tential market at stake, the incentive for manufacturers to promote un approved ...

Studies of patient safety and comparative effectiveness entail unique methodologic challenges. These studies may be susceptible to systematic error, including selection bias, exposure misclassification, and outcome misclassification. They may also be vulnerable to random error, or confounding by a variable such as another drug, a disease, or the drug indication itself. Finally, special logistic...

hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) has been practiced for more than 30 years. hematological malignanciesare the main indications for this treatment. however, its indications in adults are different from children.advances in chemotherapy and target therapy have improved treatment outcome of some of the very high riskcancers, and changed indications of hsct in children. multi-center c...