Abstract Enceladus harbors an ocean beneath its ice crust that erupts spectacular plumes from fissures at the south pole. The plume composition was measured by Cassini spacecraft, and provides evidence for ocean’s gas content, salinity, pH, potential life. Understanding is complicated physicochemical processes alter during eruption, such as water vapor condensation in icy exsolution surface. We...

Hummingbirds have received considerable attention in studies of feeding and energy regulation because of their small size, frequent feeding, and their use of energy-rich sugar solutions (e.g. Diamond et al. 1986, Ewald and Carpenter 1978, Hainsworth 1981). They store nectar in a crop, and this internal reservoir supplies energy between foraging bouts (Hainsworth and Wolf 1972, Karasov et al. 19...

In constructing the theory of regular, nonpolar, binary solutions, the partial molal energy of mixing has been expressed by the square of difference between "solubility parameters," usually evaluated by the molal energy of vaporization per cubic centimeter, (DeltaE(v)/V)(1/2) = delta, at approximately 25 degrees C. We have found, however, that liquids whose molecules contain methyl groups do no...

hydrogen bonds between C-3 OH and the carboxyl. It seems difficult to invoke an intermolecular hydrogen bond without having some sort of added hydrophobic contribution in aqueous solution. This kind of effect has been observed in aliphatic carboxylic acids-larger aliphatic chains leading to stronger dimerization effects in aqueous solution.32 To describe the 13C NMR shifts as due to intermolecu...

X-Ray scattering measurements of 2.78 and 5.56 molal aqueous solutions of caesium iodide and 2.78 and 6.05 molal lithium iodide were carried out at 293 and 343 K Differences in the radial distribution functions (DRDFs) have been obtained between the caesium iodide and lithium iodide solutions of similar composition, the latter being taken as a reference for the data analysis of the former. The ...

and Schlatter,10 0.00087; and is very near the average calculated by Pickering," -0.00094. With the density at one normal atmosphere, 1.42897, and the coefficient of deviation from Boyle's Law per atmosphere, -0.00092, the limiting value of molal volume is 22.4144 liters. The atomic weight of helium calculated with this value from the density previously found by us, 0.17846,2 is 4.0001, where t...