Craniofacial growth is a scientific crossroad for the fundamental mechanisms of musculoskeletal physiology. Better understanding of growth and development will provide new insights into repair, regeneration and adaptation to applied loads. Traditional craniofacial growth concepts are insufficient to explain the dynamics of airway/vocal tract development, cranial rotation, basicranial flexion an...

A simple posterior approach operation for correcting ptosis due to a disinsertion of the aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle is presented. Müller's muscle is restored to its normal length. Pull-out sutures are used which give some postoperative control of eyelid level and allow the procedure to be done under general anaesthesia if required.

Three cases of calcifying aponeurotic fibroma in an 8-year-old boy, a 43-year-old woman and a 48-yearold man are presented. The lesions involved the substance of the palmaris longus tendon, the lateral aspect of the foot at the base of the fifth metatarsal and the fifth digit of the foot, respectively. The clinical and radiologic findings, including ultrasound and computed tomography, are descr...

The etiology of lower abdominal bulge following breast reconstruction with the DIEP flap is uncertain. Most studies report an incidence that ranges from 0.7% to 5%. The purpose of this study was to review a set of factors that may predispose to a lower abdominal bulge. This was a retrospective review of 123 women who had breast reconstruction with the DIEP flap over a 4-year period. The reconst...