Introduction: Objective: This study aimed to assess the possible variations in root canal anatomy and topography of the apices of first and second maxillary molars. Materials and methods: A total of 67 first and second maxillary permanent molars were collected. Access cavity was prepared and 2% methylene blue was injected. The teeth were demineralized by 5% nitric acid and cleared with met...

Cereus peruvianus (Cactaceae) is an important medical plant. The study was carried out on callus induction of Cereus jamacaru f. monstrosus and Cereus hildmannianus fma monstrosa (Cereus peruvianus). Apical and lateral explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog media with factorial combinations of the auxins indole-3acetic acid (NAA), 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and N-(2-furanyl-...

Epithelial cells possess apical-basolateral polarity and form tight junctions (TJs) at the apical-lateral border, separating apical and basolateral membrane domains. The PAR3-aPKC-PAR6 complex plays a central role in TJ formation and apical domain development during tissue morphogenesis. Inactivation and overactivation of aPKC kinase activity disrupts membrane polarity. The mechanism that suppr...

introduction: endodontic treatment in pulpless immature teeth is challenging due to the lack of an apical stop. insertion of an apical plug is an alternative to conventional long-term apexification with calcium hydroxide. the aim of this study was to compare the apical microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) and calcium-enriched mixture (cem) cement as apical plugs with three different...

introduction: objective: this study aimed to assess the possible variations in root canal anatomy and topography of the apices of first and second maxillary molars. materials and methods: a total of 67 first and second maxillary permanent molars were collected. access cavity was prepared and 2% methylene blue was injected. the teeth were demineralized by 5% nitric acid and cleared with methyl s...

introduction: for a successful root canal treatment, canal must be obturated apically, coronally and laterally to prevent microleakage and canal reinfection. cold lateral condensation is the most popular method of canal obturation; an easy method with a controlled filling. cold lateral technique disadvantages are presence of void, possible vertical root fracture, and absence of a homogenous and...

introduction the aim of this study was to compare the smear layer removal efficacies of 3% sodium hypochlorite (naocl), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta), smearclear and biopure mtad using a common irrigation protocol. materials and methods: fifty freshly extracted human single rooted maxillary and mandibular teeth were prepared by a protaper rotary system up to an apical preparation f...