Apelin, the endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled APJ receptor, is a peptide mediator with emerging regulatory actions in the heart. We aimed to determine whether the endogenous apelin/APJ system is an intrinsic protective pathway in ischemic/reperfusion injury. A Langendorff model of perfused isolated rat hearts and primary cultured myocardial cells from neonatal rats were used. Cardiac f...

Apelin is a neuropeptide that co-localizes with vasopressin (AVP) in magnocellular neurons and is involved in body fluid homeostasis. Osmotic stimuli have opposite effects on the regulation of apelin and AVP secretion in animal models, but whether this is true in humans is unknown. This study investigated the relationship among osmolality, apelin, and AVP in 10 healthy men after infusion of hyp...

conclusions these findings suggest that apelin does not play any significant role in regulating the pain threshold in type 1 diabetes mellitus during exercise training. results plasma apelin level was higher (0.3 vs. 0.1, p < 0.0001) and the tail-flick latency was lower (2.2 vs. 3.8, p < 0.0001) in the d group than in the nd group. after the training program, plasma apelin levels decreased in t...

Pericytes are a population of cells that participate in normal vessel architecture and regulate permeability. Apelin, as the endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ, participates in a number of physiological and pathological processes. To date, the effect of apelin on pericyte is not clear. Our study aimed to investigate the potential protection mechanisms of apelin, with regard to ...

Apelin is the endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor, APJ. Vascular smooth muscle cells express both apelin and APJ, which are important regulatory factors in the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Importantly, APJ is also involved in the pathogenesis if HIV-1 infection. We investigated whether vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation was regulated through an apelin-pERK1/2-cycli...

Pancreatitis is classified into acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Apelin, a small regulatory peptide, is the endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor. Apelin and APJ are expressed in the pancreas. The aims of this study were to examine whether apelin influences the inflammatory and fibrosis responses to pancreatitis in mice and to identify mechanisms behind apelin's activitie...

The G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) APJ (X-msr, angiotensin receptor like 1b) was cloned in several laboratories by homology screening, with the goal of identifying new members of this class of cell surface receptor.1 This gene attracted attention because of its sequence similarity to the important angiotensin II type 1 receptor and its highly restricted pattern of expression in endothelial c...

Apelin was identified in 1998 as the endogenous ligand for the then orphan G-protein–coupled receptor, APJ, now renamed the apelin receptor. Widely expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, the apelin system participates in a diverse array of processes, including glucose metabolism, immune function, and fluid homeostasis. However, its principal physiological role seems to ...

OBJECTIVES This study was designed to establish the direct vascular effects of apelin in vivo in man. BACKGROUND Apelin is the endogenous ligand for the previously orphaned G-protein-coupled receptor, APJ. This novel pathway is widely expressed in the cardiovascular system and is emerging as an important mediator of cardiovascular homeostasis. In pre-clinical models, apelin causes venous and ...

Apelin is hypothesized to serve a dual function in pain processing. Spinal administration of apelin induces hyperalgesia, while opioid receptors are implicated in the antinociceptive effects of apelin in acute nociceptive models. However, whether the apelin‑apelin receptor (APJ) system is involved in neuropathic pain remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact and m...