Antipsychotic polypharmacy in the treatment of schizophrenia is more common in China and other Asian countries than in Western countries. The reasons for this are unclear, but it may be related to an unsubstantiated belief among clinicians that multiple medications are more likely to achieve the desired clinical outcome. Antipsychotic medications are the mainstay of treatment for individuals wi...

BACKGROUND Risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI), the first second-generation depot antipsychotic, has extensively been studied before introduction. Thereafter, questions about the type of patients actually treated with RLAI in daily practice remain to be answered for making valid antipsychotic treatment comparisons involving RLAI in observational studies. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine ...

The concept of personalized drug therapy on the basis of genetic investigations has become a major issue in psychopharmacology. Pharmacogenetic studies have focused on polymorphisms in liver cytochrome P450 isoenzymes that metabolize many antidepressant and antipsychotic medications. The most significant results are the association between drug metabolic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 with va...

Psychiatric drug treatment is characterized by large interindividual differences in drug response and dosage requirements. For example, only half of the patients will respond to antidepressant treatment and only one-third of patients experience a full remission of symptoms [1]. In terms of antipsychotic medication, approximately 20% to 35% of people affected by schizophrenia, under optimal anti...

Purpose A case study was conducted, exploring methods to identify drugs effects modifiers, at a health care center level. Patients and methods Data were drawn from the Schizophrenia Outpatient Health Outcome cohort, including hierarchical information on 6641 patients, recruited from 899 health care centers from across ten European countries. Center-level characteristics included the following...

Background and objectives:  Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder, which reduces the patient quality of life. Despite the recommendation for treating this disorder with a minimum dose of medications, antipsychotic polypharmacy has been used experimentally that cause increasing the drug interactions. Aripiprazole has low risk of metabolic has recommended as a first line a treatment fo...

Objectives: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that has profound effects on both individuals and the community. Notwithstanding the suggestion for treating schizophrenia with a minimum dose of drugs, antipsychotic polypharmacy increases the patient’s care costs and drug interactions. Aripiprazole reduces the metabolic side effects of antipsychotic polypharmacy treatment. DRD2 and HT...

Ziprasidone is an atypical antipsychotic drug that is believed to have a low propensity for inducing extrapyramidal symptoms, including tardive dyskinesia (TD). Two of our patients developed TD after 23 months and 34 months of ziprasidone monotherapy, respectively. One of the patients had had earlier exposure to typical antipsychotic drugs, but no other predisposing factors for TD were noted. T...

Dopamine receptor D2, also known asD2R, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the DRD2 gene.The dopamine D2 receptor was discovered in 1975 by Philip Seeman who had named it as the antipsychotic/dopamine receptor [1] The dopamine D2 receptor is the main receptor for all antipsychotic drugs. Any drug that does not interfere with dopamine action at the D2 receptor does not have an antipsych...

Objectives To examine the relation between antipsychotic drugs and myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. Design Data mining using bayesian statistics implemented in a neural network architecture. Setting International database on adverse drug reactions run by the World Health Organization programme for international drug monitoring. Main outcome measures Reports mentioning antipsychotic drugs, cardio...