introduction: to improve laser hair removal (lhr) for dark skin, the fluence rate reaching the hair follicle in lhr is important. this paper presents the results of a comparative study examining the function of wavelength on dark skin types using 755 nm alexandrite and 810 nm diode lasers. methods: the structure of the skin was created using a realistic skin model by the advanced systems analys...

We study percolation in a random resistor-diode network on the simple cubic lattice. Here the occupied bonds joining nearest-neighbour sites may be either resistor-like, transmitting information or connectivity in either direction along a bond, or diode-like, transmitting in only one direction. We consider a model in which there exist both positive diodes which transmit in the fx, + y or + z di...

The electrical resistivity of Fe-Cr-Fe layers with antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange increases when the magnetizations of the Fe layers are aligned antiparallel. The eA'ect is much stronger than the usual anisotropic magnetoresistance and further increases in structures with more than two Fe layers. It can be explained in terms of spin-Aip scattering of conduction electrons caused by the an...

introduction: thermal changes in laser assisted root canal therapy with the use of diode laser can predispose tooth structure to the fracture. this study evaluated the changes in flexural strength of dentin blocks after diode laser irradiations (810 nm). methods: a total of 60 dentinal blocks were prepared from freshly extracted teeth in three different thicknesses (300, 500 and 1000μm) and 20 ...

Diode lasers are becoming increasingly important in length metrology. We demonstrate construction of a simple single-frequency diode laser 632,8 nm, used as a frequency standard in the laser interferometers. We present two different systems applied for frequency stabilization of diode laser . For diode laser used as the secondary standard, the system stabilizes diode temperature, the frequency ...

Guanine-rich sequences show large structural variability, with folds ranging from duplex to triplex and quadruplex helices. Quadruplexes are polymorphic, and can show multiple stoichiometries, parallel and antiparallel strand alignments, and different topological arrangements. We analyze here the equilibrium between intramolecular antiparallel and intermolecular parallel G-quadruplexes in the t...