Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are a source of antigenic variation between individuals that modulates resistance and susceptibility to pathogens and is a barrier to the spread of enveloped viruses. HBGAs are also produced by a few prokaryotes where they are synthesized by glycosyltransferases (GTs) related to human HBGA synthases. Here we report the first structure of a bacterial GT of this...

Although research on schema has been widely investigated for the past decades, little addressed development of a systematic instructional design theory using principles and processes. This study proposes schema-based model, including general analysis, design, processes techniques evaluating learner’s acquired schema. By synthesizing empirical studies, this comprehensively reviews literature fou...

Seasonal influenza has considerable impact around the world, both economically and in mortality among risk groups. The long term patterns of disease are hard to capture with simple models, while the interplay of epidemiological processes with antigenic evolution makes detailed modelling difficult and computationally intensive. We identify a number of characteristic features of flu incidence tim...

In this paper we describe a general framework to do schema evolution. The main idea is desktop, the conceptual workspace to edit schemes. The evolution to be discussed is captured from several points of view; (1) Schema translation causes changing database states. (2) Three kinds of evolutions, type evolution, predicate evolution and complex type evolution are proposed. (3) Completeness propert...

objective: malfunction in the intimacy, marital conflict and early maladaptive schemas have always been considered as one of the principal reasons of couples’ divorce. employment of effective therapies may help in the improvement of couples’ problems and decrease of divorce. methods: the present research employed a single-subject research design and selected 3 women suing for divorce from among...

objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the role of five major personality factors and sexual self-schema in body image dissatisfaction.  methods: in this study, a correlational design was used and 270 individuals (male: 135, female: 135) with age of 17 to 40, citizens of tehran, who were selected by the available random sampling were included. they completed neo-pi questionnaire, f...

aim and background: due to the development of a new approach to the treatment of chronic disorders and the higher prevalence of chronic depression in relation to non-chronic depression, this research was conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on chronic depression. methods and materials: 14 patients with chronic depression who were 21-29 years of age were selected...

Earlier models of virus evolution during single infections do not include target cell limitation. Here we extend the basic mathematical framework of these theories and study the effect of target cell limitation on the evolution of antigenic variation, increasing replication rates and increasing virus load. We find that target cell limitation provides a selection pressure against antigenic diver...