BACKGROUND The costs and benefits of controlling nosocomial spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are unknown. METHODS We developed a mathematical algorithm to determine cost-effectiveness of infection control programs and explored the dynamical interactions between different epidemiological variables and cost-effectiveness. The algorithm includes occurrence of nosocomial infections, attrib...

An increase in the frequency of antibiotic resistance in bacteria since the 1950s has been observed for all major classes of antibiotics used to treat a wide variety of respiratory illnesses, skin disorders, and sexually transmitted diseases. Is this resistance the result of bacteria evolving new genes in response to the presence of antibiotics, or are antibiotic-resistant bacteria selected for...

The emergence of clinically relevant ?-lactam-resistant bacteria poses a serious threat to human health and presents major challenge for medical treatment. How opportunistic pathogenic acquire antibiotic resistance the prevalence antibiotic-resistant in environment are still unclear. In this study, we further confirmed that selective pressure heavy metals contributes increase ampicillin-resista...

BACKGROUND Travel to foreign countries involves the risk of becoming a carrier of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially when the destination is a country with a high prevalence of this type of bacteria. AIM AND METHODS The aim of this study was to learn about the knowledge of antibiotic resistance, and the behaviour and risk-taking among travellers, who had become carriers of extended spe...

Poultry are known to harbor antibiotic resistant and pathogenic bacteria, and as such poultry litter and poultry house air can be contaminated with these bacteria. However, the presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in biological aerosols and litter is largely not understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of aerosolized bacteria and endotoxin, particularly fecal indic...

Antibiotic use is known to promote the development of antibiotic resistance, but substantial controversy exists about the impact of agricultural antibiotic use (AAU) on the subsequent emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among humans. AAU for animal growth promotion or for treatment or control of animal diseases generates reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria that contaminate a...

materials and methods lactic acid bacteria isolated from spoiled fruits and vegetables and grown in mrs medium were screened against multi-drug-resistant candida albicans, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, and enterococcus fecalis. results fifty-four lactic acid bacteria were isolated from spoiled fruits and vegetables, of which 11 gram-positive and catalase-negat...

Antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria contamination has been found in chicken meat products. Chicken is obtained from a local market South Jakarta, Indonesia. Identification of was done using conventional methods with selective media and biochemical tests. Furthermore were carried out vitek2 compact to confirmation identification pattern antibiotic resistance. The results 1 isolate Enterococ...

Background: Microorganisms have potent activity for transferring antibiotic-resistant genes with either chromosomally- or plasmid-mediated characteristics. The purpose of this study was to isolate Lactobacillus from different commercial products and evaluate their potential in development. Chromosomally-or resistant were investigated as well. Methods: In total, strains isolated 20 dairy product...

Bacteria clearly benefit from the possession of an antibiotic resistance gene when the corresponding antibiotic is present. But do resistant bacteria suffer a cost of resistance (i.e., a reduction in fitness) when the antibiotic is absent? If so, then one strategy to control the spread of resistance would be to suspend the use of a particular antibiotic until resistant genotypes declined to low...