BACKGROUND Intravenous drug abuse is often associated with poor adherence to anti-retroviral drugs in HIV/AIDS. Very few studies in Pakistan have determined implications of intravenous drug abuse on anti-retroviral drug compliance in HIV/AIDS patients. The objectives of the study were to assess and compare the adherence to anti-retroviral drugs in intravenous drug users (IDUs) and non-intraveno...

Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids, nowaday are the main groups of anti-inflamatory drugs in modern pharmacology. The side effects of these antiinflamatory drugs, specially using in chronic diseases cause many problems for the patients and the physicians, so finding the new anti-inflamatory drugs with less side effect is the aim of many researchers. WHO emphasiz to...

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represents a major health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. Combinational anti-HIV therapy has largely improved patients' lives, but is not widely available in developing countries. Moreover, drug resistance is a main problem during HIV treatment. Therefore, there is a...

Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs have become the cornerstone of care and treatment for AIDS in North America, Brazil, and Europe. Twenty years into the epidemic, and more than 10 years after the introduction of ARV's, effective global treatment of AIDS, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where the epidemic is most concentrated, is an extraordinary challenge. Guidelines and experience in anti-microbia...

Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids, nowaday are the main groups of anti-inflamatory drugs in modern pharmacology. The side effects of these antiinflamatory drugs, specially using in chronic diseases cause many problems for the patients and the physicians, so finding the new anti-inflamatory drugs with less side effect is the aim of many researchers. WHO emphasiz to...

Many pathogenic viruses, such as the influenza virus and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1, are a threat to humans, thus leading to thousands of deaths annually. The development of antiviral drugs is urgent, and it is an essential strategy for the suppression of these infectious diseases. However, regardless of the rapid emergence of many infectious diseases, the development of novel ant...