This article contains bibliographical data concerning the rheumatic clinical manifestations in hypothyroidism: polyarthralgias, lack of recent skill of fine movements of the hands, carpal tunnel syndrome or tarsal, degenerative arthropathy or acute type (gout, chondrocalcinosis), adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder syndrome), generalized muscular stiffness, hypothyroid myopathy, secondary oste...

TARSAL tunnel syndrome is the pedal equivalent of carpal tunnel syndrome. The common aetiology of a tunnel syndrome is the compression of a nerve as it passes through an inextensible compartment. The nerve involved is the posterior tribial as it passes deep to the flexor rectinaculum, postero-inferior to the medial malleolus. The nerve divides to form the medial plantar, lateral plantar and cal...

Background There are many clinical intervention strategies for treating tarsal tunnel syndrome. The role of conservative versus surgical interventions at various stages of the disease process remains unclear, and there is a need for a structured, step-wise approach in treating patients with this syndrome based on derived empirical evidence. This narrative review attempts to analyse the literatu...

The patient is a 50-year old woman with past medical history of lupus presented to the clinic with left foot pain and was referred for electrodiagnostic evaluation of a tibial nerve entrapment. She initially had left heel pain which was diagnosed as plantar fasciitis 2 years ago by an outside clinician. She was treated with several injections of local steroid to the left heel prior to the curre...

Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is an entrapment neuropathy of the posterior tibial nerve and its branches in the tarsal tunnel. We present our less invasive surgical treatment of TTS in 69 patients (116 feet) and their clinical outcomes. The mean follow-up period was 64.6 months. With the patient under local anesthesia we use a microscope to perform sharp dissection of the flexor retinaculum and ...

The fine dissection of nerves and blood vessels in the tarsal tunnel is necessary for clinical operations to provide anatomical information. A total of 60 feet from 30 cadavers were dissected. Two imaginary reference lines that passed through the tip of the medial malleolus were applied. A detailed description of the branch pattern and the corresponding position of the posterior tibial nerve, p...

The accessory deep peroneal (ADPN) nerve has been regarded as an anomalous nerve derived from the superficial peroneal nerve or its branch and supplies motor innervations for extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) and sensory innervations for the lateral part of the ankle and foot regions. The EDB is usually innervated exclusively by the deep peroneal nerve, a major branch of the the common peroneal n...

Tarsal coalition is a condition described by partial union between tarsal bones. Its clinical significance is the potential cause for chronic pain in the ankle and foot. Diagnosis of this condition may be delayed until adolescence or early adulthood, and is often made incidentally on examination for other purposes. Treatments for this condition can range from conservative options to surgical ap...