The derailed (drl) gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that governs aspects of axon guidance and muscle-epidermal interactions in the Drosophila embryo. To determine the types of neurons that express drl, we have examined a series of drl promoter fusions to axon-targeted reporters. We have identified enhancers that drive reporter expression in four distinct subtypes of embryonic neuro...

Introduction Frame-based interventional MRI often relies on the manual selection of the anterior commissure and of the posterior commissure (AC-PC) line that are often considered as landmarks for the localization of neuroanatomic targets [1], as, for instance, for guiding the implantation of electrodes within the subthalamic nuclei dedicated to deep stimulation in the treatment of Parkinson’s d...

Objectives. In this study, we present the results of endolaryngeal diode laser surgery in patients with an early stage laryngeal carcinoma involving the anterior commissure (AC). Methods. A total of 108 patients (103 males, five females; mean age: 52.4 years; range; 31 to 75 years) who were treated between January 2010 and January 2015 were included in this study. All patients with glottic canc...

We describe a new technique that uses the timing of neuronal and behavioral responses to explore the contributions of individual neurons to specific behaviors. The approach uses both the mean neuronal latency and the trial-by-trial covariance between neuronal latency and behavioral response. Reliable measurements of these values were obtained from single-unit recordings made from anterior infer...

The understanding that another person's belief can differ from reality and that behaviour is guided by beliefs and not by reality reflects an important cornerstone in the development of a Theory of Mind. The present event-related potential (ERP) study had two aims: first, to reveal ERPs that distinguish between false- and true-belief reasoning and second, to investigate the neural changes in th...

In the absence of salient sensory cues to guide behavior, animals must still execute sequences of motor actions in order to forage and explore. How such successive motor actions are coordinated to form global locomotion trajectories is unknown. We mapped the structure of larval zebrafish swim trajectories in homogeneous environments and found that trajectories were characterized by alternating ...

Coordinated transfer of information between the brain hemispheres is essential for function and occurs via three axonal commissures in the telencephalon: the corpus callosum (CC), hippocampal commissure (HC), and anterior commissure (AC). Commissural malformations occur in over 50 human congenital syndromes causing mild to severe cognitive impairment. Disruption of multiple commissures in some ...

Sectional anatomy of human brain is useful to examine the diseased brain as well as normal brain. However, intracerebral reference points for the axial, sagittal, and coronal planes of brain have not been standardized in anatomical sections or radiological images. We made 2,343 serially-sectioned images of a cadaver head with 0.1 mm intervals, 0.1 mm pixel size, and 48 bit color and obtained ax...

BACKGROUND Improved quantitative understanding of in vivo leaflet geometry in ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is needed to improve reparative techniques, yet few data are available due to current imaging limitations. Using marker technology we tested the hypotheses that IMR (1) occurs chiefly during early systole; (2) affects primarily the valve region contiguous with the myocardial ischemi...