introduction the city population, in particular at the industrialized cities and centers of provinces, has increased dramatically in iran during recent decades. arak city is among of those industrialized cities as a centers of markazi province which has experienced a fast increase in population. this changes in population numbers tend to increase in consuming water resources as well as increasi...

BACKGROUND On the fringes of endemic zones climate is a major determinant of inter-annual variation in malaria incidence. Quantitative description of the space-time effect of this association has practical implications for the development of operational malaria early warning system (MEWS) and malaria control. We used Bayesian negative binomial models for spatio-temporal analysis of the relation...

Some of the following problems look similar to the MAD Triangulation problem, but we have not found any deep connections: •Minimum Average Distance Spanning Subgraph in a budgeted version [2] was studied in the context of network design (minimizing average routing time). The problem is NP-complete even with unit weights. •Minimum Average Distance Spanning Tree [1]. NP-completeness is implied by...

The southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, is among the most important agents of ecological disturbance and economic loss in forests of the south-eastern United States. We combined physiological measurements of insect temperature responses with climatic analyses to test the role of temperature in determining the northern distribution limits of D. frontalis. Laboratory measurements of low...

The climate change in Shandong Peninsula, China was analyzed in this paper by the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test, Accumulated Difference Curve and Order Cluster Analysis methods, based upon the datas of annual mean, maximum and minimum temperature and annual precipitation, precipitation from June to September over the past 50 years. Results obtained showed a number of observations: 1) The ann...