Most practical work on AI planning systems during the last fifteen years has been based on hierarchical task network (HTN) d ecomposition, but until now, there has been very little analytical work on the properties of HTN planners. This paper describes how the complexity of HTN planning varies with various conditions on the task networks. networks are required to be totally ordered, and (3) whe...

In this paper, the underlying theory of Task Analysis for Error Identification is presented. The aim is to illustrate the development of a method that has been proposed for the evaluation of prototypical designs from the perspective of predicting human error. The paper presents the method applied to representative examples. The methodology is considered in terms of the various validation studie...

In smart spaces such as smart office and workplaces, users are surrounded by hundreds of networked devices and services which often vanish into the background. Therefore, the users are often unaware of possible tasks which they can achieve within a given physical space. Moreover, the user does not want to dig in a long list of individual services and devices for functionalities which are requir...

background nowadays task sharing is a way to optimize utilization of human resources for health. this study was designed to assess the effect of task sharing, mutually between midwives and family health workforces (fhws), on the number of needed staff across the iranian health posts.   methods the workload and required number of midwives and fhws in a health post were calculated and compared in...

A credible theory of intelligence must provide a satisfactory account of the wide spectrum of learning abilities displayed by humans and some other animals. One of the most impressive of these is skill acquisition—the ability to create new skills, refine them through practice, and apply them in new task contexts. This ability to retain and refine solutions to important subproblems and then empl...

The simultaneous consideration of various notions (practice, procedure, prescribed task, effective task, task space, task search, task, method, activity) shows that the task accomplishment cannot be discussed at a general level, as classical approaches do. Rather, this paper points out the importance to distinguish the task definition and the task realization because the former is mainly static...

The notion of a compensation is widely used in advanced transaction models as means of recovery from a failure. Similar concepts are adopted for providing “transaction-like” behavior for long business processes supported by workflows technology. Generally, designing a compensating task in the context of a workflow process is a non-trivial job. In fact, not every task is compensatable. This work...

This study examined the effects of task complexity on written narrative production under different task complexity conditions by EFL learners at different proficiency levels. Task complexity was manipulated along Robinson’s (2001b) proposed task complexity dimension of Here-and-Now (simple) vs. There-and-Then (complex) in. Accordingly, three specific measures of the written narratives were targ...