The fundamental performance criterion for Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) approaches is the protection of the Primary U ser (PU). However, for DSA to become a reality, it is crucial to also ensure some Quality of Service (QoS) support for the Secondary U ser (SU) communication. In this paper, we propose sensing based opportunistic spectrum access approaches achieving both, protection of the PU, a...

Multinationals are increasingly conducting R&D in countries such as India and China, where intellectual property rights (IPR) protection is still very weak. This paper examines this puzzle. The argument is that weak IPR leads to low returns to innovation and thus low prices of innovative talents. Multinational firms who possess not only the capabilities to utilize these talents, but also the in...

There are occasional reports of using the appendix to replace sections of the ureters, and to our knowledge, only a couple of them were in the left side. We used the appendix as a ureteral substitute in two cases in technically difficult parts, the upper left ureter and the first part of the right ureter. Follow-ups of8 years and 6 months in right and left side cases, respectively, are imp...

BACKGROUND: Substitute health workers are cadres who take on some of the functions and roles normally reserved for internationally recognized health professionals such as doctors, pharmacists and nurses but who usually receive shorter pre-service training and possess lower qualifications. METHODS: A desk review is conducted on the education, regulation, scopes of practice, specialization, nomen...

this study draws attention to the ubiquitous and borderless nature of cybercrime. it examines the prospect of introducing customized cyber insurance policy in the nigerian market. as secondary data was not available, the study conducted a survey by administering three sets of questionnaire to purposively selected top executives in four trade groups that rely heavily on internet transactions for...

This paper presents a case series of furcation involved teeth complicated with endodontic involvement which were treated with periodontal, endodontic and restorative procedures using different bone regenerative materials like; (a) Calcium phosphosilicate bone substitute having bioactive glass 69% mixed with glycerin 19% and poly-ethylene 12% dispensed in a putty form; (b) hydroxyapatite 70% and...