the analyzing methods of texts and their rendering are diverse and wide spread. this diversity spreads according to the renderers’ approach and viewpoint to premises and intellectual ‚ scientific and literary issues and to the extent of their  skill and knowledge in their specialized learning's . therefore they survey there issues from their viewpoints and trainings from this aspect we gra...

since the start of the last century, along with those literary men who took a literary approach to the study of literary texts, there has been another group who has taken a linguistic approach. the ancient and ever flourishing tradition of literary studies of translation can no doubt take benefit from linguistic methods and tools in the investigations of literary texts. as a result of this we c...

at the beginning of 20th century, psychology got a special status in contemporary criticism (or critical approaches) through the theories of freud and jung. literary works were being criticized by such approaches on the basis of the text sender (author or poet), after a while, with the rise of other psychological schools – such as gestalt- they started to be criticized on the basis of their inf...

the translator of a literary text has to observe the semantic sense of the words, the weight, the cultural setting, and other technical features of the original text to yield an acceptable translation in the tl. the accomplishment however is not that easy, for the translator meets some major impediments in performing the task. a translator who is familiar with different critical approaches, a t...

Interdisciplinary narrative studies are of great importance in several disciplines, especially the humanities and social sciences. Cultural tourism its sub-disciplines, including complex issue ‘literary tourism’, is an interdisciplinary field investigation, positioned between geography urban–rural studies. In Iran, this form has been neglected so far—with no distinction urban rural areas—despit...