pricing and advertising are two important marketing strategies in the supply chain management which lead to customer demand’s increase and therefore higher profit for members of supply chains. this paper considers advertising, and pricing decisions simultaneously for a three-level supply chain with one supplier, one manufacturer and one retailer. the amount of market demand is influenced by pri...

an equitable risk allocation between contracting parties plays a vital role in enhancing the performance of the project. this research presents a new quantitative risk allocation approach by integrating fuzzy logic and bargaining game theory. owing to the imprecise and uncertain nature of players’ payoffs at different risk allocation strategies, fuzzy logic is implemented to determine the value...

when evaluating of the senior manager’s performance is based on the achieving to budget and they have responsibility to report the capacity of resources which are in their part too; it is possible to create budget slack and effect on their performance evaluation by providing pessimistic and conservatively estimates or manipulated information of income and expenses. so, senior manager and budget...

Game theory models decision makers' behaviors in strategic situations. Since the structures of games are different, behavior and preferences of the players are different in various types of game. This paper reviews various situations of games. Here, characteristics of some common games are discussed and compared. Specifically, we focus on a group of games called symmetric games including Prison...

credence goods market is one of the markets that the asymmetric information has transformed it to a missing market. those goods and services that the applicant cannot determine the exact amount of their expenses due to the asymmetric information are called credence goods. from the economists' perspective, transaction in a market where participants are ignorant about each other is a game wi...

Abstract This paper argues, based on Lewis’ claim that communication is a coordination game (Lewis in Minnesota studies the philosophy of science, University Press, Minneapolis, pp 3–35, 1975), we can account for communicative function demonstratives without assuming they semantically refer. The appeal such theoretical version case non-referentialism role be accounted entering cul de sac trying...