Ideas from the life sciences and the physical sciences, particularly the ideas that ecosystems, the planet itself, and even the cosmos are interconnected and ‘organismic’, have in uenced the development of sustainability discourse. Sustainability advocates strategically deploy such scienti c concepts through subtly spiritualized language and metaphors to advance their arguments. Even when the l...

Fasting is a religious obligation, which can be challenging for individuals with oral conditions due to its stringent code of conduct. Moreover, food abstinence during fasting can restrict oral feeding even further in patients whose nutrition has been already compromised. Previous research has mainly concentrated on oral hygiene and gum health, disregarding orodental conditions and diseases. Th...

if we discover an adequate naturalistic explanation for religious experience, will it diminish its evidentiary value? in response to this question, many thinkers such as c.d. broad, richard swinburne and william wainwright argue that an adequate naturalistic explanation cannot diminish religious experience evidentiary value unless it can be demonstrated that there is no god. in contrary to this...

Religious belief in its most ideal form can be seen as a powerful force to create purposive transformations by transmitting ecologically positive habit of practice and attitudes of mind to succeeding generations that share similar religious beliefs. This concept assumes even greater significance on considering howmore than half of the world’s population embraces some sort of religious beliefs t...

this article is a study on the religious approach of pre-safavid iranian muslim miniaturists to female depiction based on quranic verses and other religious narratives. this article is to find the way of visual reflecting female admired qualifications based on islam view at original and novel miniatures. assuming that mentioned visual reflection is based on quranic and religious narratives or h...

In ‘secular’ Western societies, religious topics permeate media texts of books, films, series and games and such texts even inform several religious-spiritual movements. Critically expanding on theories about ‘fiction-based religion’, ‘invented religion’ or ‘hyper-real religion’, this article studies if, how and why players of the massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) World of...

This article examines a specific line of thinking shared by several contemporary reformist Iranian religious scholars who present arguments in favor freedom religion. Focusing on the ideas five prominent scholars—Abdolkarim Soroush (b.1945), Muhammad Mujtahed Shabestari (b.1936), Hasan Yousefi Eshkevari (b.1950), Mohsen Kadivar (b.1959), and Ahmad Qabel (d.2012)—the argues that these thinkers’ ...