In mammography, thick or dense breast regions persistently suffer from reduced contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) because of degraded contrast from large scatter intensities and relatively high noise. Area x-ray beam equalization can improve image quality by increasing the x-ray exposure to under-penetrated regions without increasing the exposure to other breast regions. Optimal equalization paramet...

With the development of the mobile communication, the related technologies have gone through a rapid growing phase from 1G to 3G, until 4G. The technology evolution targets to improve the performance of overall system, and promote the related services and applications. In this paper, author makes analysis on Turbo equalization based on M-QAM modulation in OFDM system. Since Turbo equalization i...

The paper addresses the blind equalization problem of spread spectrum modulations in the presence of fast time-variant frequency selective channels. The basic assumption of the paper is that the channel response exhibit fast changes. A second goal of the paper is to force the definition of a universal CDMA blind equalization scheme that is capable to perform for DSCDMA or Multi-Carrier CDMA sig...

In this paper, the novel concept of combinedequalization is investigated for coded uplink MC-CDMA. For combined-equalization it is presumed that channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter (Tx) as well as at the receiver (Rx). As a result, combined-equalization achieves considerable performance improvements over preor post-equalization applied alone if the corresponding prea...

In this paper, Tomlinson-Harashima precoding, a nonlinear pre-equalization technique, is proposed for transmission over multiple-input/multiple-output channels. Instead of equalizing intersymbol interference (temporal equalization) here spatial equalization, i.e., equalization of multi-user interference is performed. If only a low-rate backward channel is available for communicating channel sta...

The most noteworthy conclusion of image processing is a contrast enhancement. The most regular system for histogram equalization is utilized for retouching contrast within digital images. Histogram equalization is so advantageous and useful for image contrast enhancement method. Nonetheless, the traditional histogram equalization methods normally conclusion in surpassing complexity upgrades whi...

Abstract The literature on tax competition has argued that base equalization, which reduces regional disparities in bases, can serve as a means of internalizing horizontal and vertical fiscal externalities. This argument assumes each government relies single (a mobile capital federal savings). paper considers the case distortionary labor is also available. Internalizing externalities requires w...

The application of frequency domain equalization techniques makes single carrier modulation a potentially valuable alternative to OFDM, especially in regard to its robustness to RF implementation impairments. In this overview paper we survey recent results on single carrier systems with frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE), including comparisons and compatibilities with OFDM, and extensions v...

Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system has become one of the major focuses in the research community of wireless communication and information theory. Due to the channel characteristics, severe inter-symbol interference (ISI) may occur to the transmitted signals. Therefore it is necessary to use an equalizer to counter the effect of the channel. The effect of fading and interference effec...