all living organisms are exposed to ionizing radiation comprising cosmic rays coming from outer space, terrestrial nuclides occurring in the earth’s crust, building materials, air, water and foods and in the human body itself. the exposures are constant and uniform for all individuals everywhere including the dose from ingestion of 40k in food. cosmic rays are, more intense at higher altitudes,...

Street food refers to a variety of food and beverages prepared and sold by vendors in streets and other public places for immediate consumption. Selling street foods is an important occupation in many cities in developing countries. As hygienic standards may not be maintained during the preparation of these food items, there is always concern about their safety, quality and hygiene.1 We studied...

This paper analyses the role of banks in financing SMEs in Britain and Germany. It applies a sociological institutionalist approach to understand how banks construct and manage risk, relating to SME business. The empirical analysis is based on the results of a comparative survey of a sample of British and German banks and also refers to statistical material produced by the banks themselves. The...

An important question for central banks is how they should report the uncertainty of their forecasts. This paper discusses a way in which a central bank could report the uncertainty of its forecasts in a world in which it used a single macroeconometric model to make its forecasts and guide its policies. Suggestions are then made as to what might be feasible for a central bank to report given th...

Zusammenfassung. Zur objektivierenden Unterstützung der Beurteilung von Endosonographiebildern des Ösophagus wurde eine Tumorstagingsoftware herangezogen, die durch ein semiautomatisches Verfahren eine Einstufung in die Entwicklungsstadien T1, T2 und T3 vornimmt. Für die hierzu notwendige Erkennung und Bewertung der Tumorgrenzen wurde ein neuronales Netz und ein statistischer Algorithmus als Kl...

2 NUH Inpatient department 3 2.1 General wards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2.2 Admission sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.3 Medical specialties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.4 Rationales for excluding certain wards . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

The paper by Rick Mishkin is a clear and timely overview of the state of the debate on the transparency of central banks. The paper asks three supplementary and related questions on the way to answering the main question – ʻCan central bank transparency go too far? ̓The fi rst question is whether central banks should publish forecasts of a range of variables and not just forecasts of infl ation....