Results All participants recognised the term ‘placebo’ and exhibited diverse opinions as to how the placebo effect works and whether the placebo effect even exists. Honest doctorpatient communication was highly valued by participants, who typically saw placebo prescriptions as deceitful and therefore wrong. However, they also expressed the belief that that deception is necessary for the patient...

There are many real-world scenarios where agents must reliably detect deceit to make decisions. When deceitful statements are made, other statements or actions may make it possible to uncover the deceit. We describe a goal reasoning agent architecture that supports deceit detection by hypothesizing about an agent’s actions, uses new observations to revise past beliefs, and recognizes the plans ...

Negative cross-diiusion has been identiied as a factor increasing the possibility of spatio-temporal instabilities in Lotka-Volterra equations. But such terms have been considered as quite rare in ecological modeling, since imply deceitful prey-predator relationships. We show that negative cross-diiusion appears naturally in reaction diiusion equations obtained using a simple mean eld decouplin...

Reputation reporting systems have emerged as an important risk management mechanism in online trading communities. However, the predictive value of these systems can be compromised in situations where conspiring buyers intentionally give unfair ratings to sellers or where sellers discriminate on the quality of service they provide to different buyers. This paper proposes a set of mechanisms tha...

Language transfers information on at least three levels; (1) what is said, (2) how it is said (what language is used), and, (3) that it is said (that speaker and listener both possess the ability to use language). The use of language is a form of honest cooperation on two of these levels; not necessarily on what is said, which can be deceitful, but always on how it is said and that it is said. ...

Several brain-imaging studies have found associations between aberrant functioning in the frontal and temporal lobes and violent offending. We have previously reported decreased frontotemporal perfusion unrelated to psychosis, substance abuse, or current medication in 21 violent offenders. In the present study, we compared the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in a new group of 32 violent off...

In a world where spear-phishing is one of the most common attacks used to steal confidential data, it is necessary to instruct technical and non-technical users about new mechanisms attackers can use to generate these attacks. We want to focus on phishing attacks, where a social engineer communicates a deceitful message to their victims in order to obtain some confidential information, because ...