abstract background: appropriate quality achievement of a phd program requires frequent assessment and discovering the shortcomings in the program. inputs, which are important elements of the curriculum, are frequently missed in evaluations. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the input indicators of reproductive health phd program in iran based on the context, input, process, and product...

For a finite group G and a subset S of G which does not contain the identity of G , let Cay(G , S) denote the Cayley graph of G with respect to S. If , for all subsets S , T of G of size m , Cay(G , S) Х Cay(G , T) implies S ␣ ϭ T for some ␣ ෈ Aut(G) , then G is said to have the m-DCI property. In this paper , a classification is presented of the cyclic groups with the m-DCI property , which is...

Up to now, many studies have been done to show the origin of attitudes and their relationships with behaviors or actions. Some of those works have focused on students' attitudes and some have introduced the various contexts of language teaching and learning. These studies were enough to give a new impetus for conducting the present investigation. This paper investigated the teachers' attitudes ...

Matrix grammars introduced by Nbrah~tm (1965) have proved to be a very fruitful generalization of context-free grammars: simple in principle, easy to deal with and yet very powerful [cf. Brainerd (1968), Ibarra (1970) and Siromoney (1969)]. They fall into the category of grammars with restricted use of productions, and possess the same generative capacity as programmed grammars, periodically ti...

In this paper, a level-synchronous parsing mechanism, named Phrase-Level Building (PLB), is proposed to incorporate wide-scope contextual information for parsing illformed sentences. This mechanism regards the task of parsing a sentence as the task of building the phrase-levels for the sentence. Therefore, the wide-scope contextual information in the phrase-levels can be used to help narrow dow...

The notion of infix probability has been introduced in the literature as a generalization of the notion of prefix (or initial substring) probability, motivated by applications in speech recognition and word error correction. For the case where a probabilistic context-free grammar is used as language model, methods for the computation of infix probabilities have been presented in the literature,...

This paper studies the relationship between weighted context-free grammars (WCFGs), where each production is associated with a positive real-valued weight, and probabilistic contextfree grammars (PCFGs), where the weights of the productions associated with a nonterminal are constrained to sum to one. Since the class of WCFGs properly includes the PCFGs, one might expect that WCFGs can describe ...

Probabilistic synchronous context-free grammar (PSCFG) translation models define weighted transduction rules that represent translation and reordering operations via nonterminal symbols. In this work, we investigate the source of the improvements in translation quality reported when using two PSCFG translation models (hierarchical and syntax-augmented), when extending a state-of-the-art phraseb...