background: thalassemia is a series of hemoglobinopathies in which the production of perfect hemoglobin is completely or partially suppressed. using injectable iron chelators have been dominating treatment for the iron overload caused by recurrent blood transfusions in thalassemic patients, however, a new oral iron chelating drug (exjade) have been recently introduced and might be cost effectiv...

conclusion the technical performance of pet scan is significantly higher than similar technologies for staging and treatment of nsclc. in addition, it might slightly improve the treatment process and lead to a small level of increase in the quality adjusted life year (qaly) gained by these patients making it cost-effective for the treatment of nsclc. results the total annual running cost of a p...

value of tourism and recreation are direct values of the forest ecosystem and parks, which include the use of parks and forest for recreation, leisure, hiking, and aesthetic. in this study, hasht behesht park recreational value and willingness to pay (wtp) is defined and measured by using contingent valuation method (cv) and double-bounded dichotomous choice (ddc). for measuring the willingness...

improper drug prescription by physicians due to wrong diagnosis, wrong drug choise or other causes will waste national funds. the annual drug costs in iran is 900 billions rials. with approvement of prescription, it can be reduced to 500 billions rials. effective factors in costs reduction are: 1) increasing medical knowledge and persistent education of physicians. 2) spending more time for eac...

conclusions the study showed that the costs associated with cardiovascular diseases were not reasonable for many of these patients and their families. this certainly requires more consideration by managers and policy makers in the health care sector and the implementation of effective interventions. results the study findings showed that the total cost of cardiovascular diseases was 13,074,700 ...

in order to implement vat, various countries have applied different procedures including: manufacturing products, whole sale and consumer price procedures, according to their economic structure. for iran, it is proposed that in the first step, vat be confined to manufacturing products and imports, and after some successful implementation in this earlier step, with achieved experience and knowle...